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BIM 109 > Blood-Material Interactions > Flashcards

Blood-Material Interactions Flashcards

Week 7

1
Q

How do you identify the macrophages in this image?

A
  • size of macrophage
    fixme insert annotated picture
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2
Q

What are two vital functions of macrophages?

A
  1. Recognize cells as ‘self’ or ‘not self’
  2. Phagocytosis (engulfing other cells)
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3
Q

What type of cell is a neutrophil?

A

Immune cell

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4
Q

What does the immune system do?

A
  • Mobile
  • Find bacteria
  • Chemotaxis (movement of a cell/organism)
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5
Q

What are the 8 steps in the body’s response to injury?

A
  1. Injury
  2. Blood-biomaterial interaction
  3. Provisional matrix formation
  4. Acute (short-term) inflammation
  5. Chronic (long-term) inflammation
  6. Granulation tissue
  7. Foreign body reaction
  8. Fibrous capsule formation
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6
Q

True or False:

Surgery alone is an injury.

A

True

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7
Q

A fibrous capsule forms around an implant. Afterward, how does it integrate with the surrounding tissue?

A

It doesn’t become part of the tissue. It’s walled off.

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8
Q

What is the sequence of cell types in response to an implanted biomaterial?

A
  1. Neutrophils
  2. Monocytes
  3. Macrophages
  4. Fibroblasts and foreign body giant cells
  5. Myofibroblasts
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9
Q

What are the 5 stages of healing after a biomaterial is implanted?

A
  1. Biomaterial implantation
  2. Protein adsorption
  3. Macrophage adhesion
  4. Encapsulation
  5. Capsular contracture

see this picture for more information

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10
Q

What is the immune system doing during the homeostasis phase of wound healing?

A

Processes:

  • Coagulation

Cells/Molecules/Tissues

  • Platelets
  • Fibrin
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11
Q

What is the immune system doing during the inflammation phase of wound healing?

A

Processes:

  • Immune infiltration
  • Debris clearance
  • Pathogen killing

Cells/Molecules/Tissues

  • Neutrophils
  • MQ (Macrophages)
  • Lymphocytes
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12
Q

What is the immune system doing during the profileration phase of wound healing?

A

Processes:

  • Fibroblast proliferation
  • Scar formation
  • Collagen synthesis
  • Angiogenesis

Cells/Molecules/Tissues

  • Proteoglycan
  • Fibroblast
  • Collagen
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13
Q

What is the immune system doing during the remodeling phase of wound healing?

A

Processes:

  • Epithelialization
  • ECM remodeling
  • Scar maturation/contraction
  • Apoptosis

Cells/Molecules/Tissues

  • Epithelium
  • Endothelium
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14
Q

The homeostasis phase of wound healing lasts:

A. hours
B. days
c. weeks
d. months/years

A

A. hours

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15
Q

The inflammation phase of wound healing lasts:

A. hours
B. days
c. weeks
d. months/years

A

B. days

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16
Q

The proliferation phase of wound healing lasts:

A. hours
B. days
c. weeks
d. months/years

A

c. weeks

17
Q

The remodeling phase of wound healing lasts:

A. hours
B. days
c. weeks
d. months/years

A

d. months/years

18
Q

How do cells sense and interacts with a foreign object, such as an implant?

A

Protein interactions

19
Q

Designing how proteins bind to the ________ controls how the body reacts to the implant

A. implant
B. cells
C. body

A

A. implant

20
Q

True or False:

Blood-implant interactions regulate cell-implant interactions.

A

True

21
Q

What are two biomaterial properties that regulate adsorption?

A
  • surface hydrophobicity
  • surface charge
22
Q

What happens if you change an implant’s surface hydrophobicity?

A
  • Dehydration of the surface and protein (H2O molecules are rearranged)
  • Structural arrangements of proteins (2, 3, 4 structure)
23
Q

What happens if you change an implant’s surface charge?

A
  • Redistribution of charged groups
  • Structural arrangements of proteins (2, 3, 4 structure)
24
Q

What are five biomaterial properties that regular adsorption?

A
  • Topology
  • Composition
  • Hydrophobicity
  • Heterogeneity
  • Potential
25
Q

What is the effect of changing the topology property of an implanted biomaterial?

A

More texture means more surface area, which means more interaction sites.

26
Q

What is the effect of changing the composition property of an implanted biomaterial?

A

Chemical groups will determine types of interactions with proteins

27
Q

What is the effect of changing the hydrophobicity property of an implanted biomaterial?

A

Hydrophobic surfaces tend to bind to more proteins

28
Q

What is the effect of changing the heterogeneity property of an implanted biomaterial?

A

Non-uniform surface properties leads to surface domains that can interact differently (*some +/- charges are rough/smooth)

fixme check this

29
Q

What is the effect of changing the potential property of an implanted biomaterial?

A

Electrochemical potential - distribution of ions in solution and interaction with proteins

release to charge + protein shape + entropy

fixme check this

30
Q

What are four protein properties that regulate protein adsorption?

A
  • size
  • charge
  • hydrophobicity
  • stability (structure)
31
Q

What is the effect of changing the size property of a protein?

A

Big molecules have more sites for contact

32
Q

What is the effect of changing the charge property of a protein?

A

Molecules with charge generally adsorb more readily

33
Q

What is the effect of changing the hydrophobicity property of a protein?

A

Hydrophobic molecules adsorb to hydrophobic surfaces

like binds to like

34
Q

What are two effects of changing the stability property of a protein?

A
  • Less conformationally stable proteins can unfold more and form more surface contact points
  • Molecules that unfold more rapidly can form contact points more rapidly
35
Q

On this image, identify the regions where the protein will interact with the solid.

36
Q

What is the vroman effect?

A
37
Q
A

BIM 109 (3 decks)

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