Blood/lymph diseases Flashcards
Hyper/hypotension
high/low blood pressure
Atherosclerosis
Clogged arteries
Thrombus
Clot that develops and persists in unbroken blood vessel (can lead to death)
Embolus
Freely floating thrombus
embolism
embolus obstructing blood vessel
Thrombocytopenia
deficient number of circulating platelets
Petechiae
Appear due to spontaneous, widespread hemorrhage from thrombocytopenia
Hemophilia
Hereditary bleeding disorders caused by missing factors (VIII, IX, XI)
A: most common type
B:
C: mild type
Prolonged bleeding. Treated by injecting missing factors
Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation
Clotting causes bleeding.
- widespread clotting blocks intact blood vessels
- severe bleeding occurs because residual blood unable to clot
Anemia
low O2 carrying capacity
*fatigue, shortness of breathe, pallor, chills
Blood Loss ANemias
Hemorrhagic – rapid blood loss (wound)
*replace blood
Chronic Hemorrhagic anemia – slight but persistaent blood loss
*primary problem treated
Low RBC production anemias
Irondeficiency anemia – low iron intakes
*iron supplements
Pernicious anemia – Autoimmune disease that causes stomach to destroy intrinsic factor producing mucosa
*B12 injections
Renal anemia – lack of EPO
-treated with synthetic EPO
Aplastic anemia – destruction of red marrow by dregs, chemicals, radiation, viruses
High RBC Destruction
Hemolytic anemias – Premature RBC lyssis
Thalassemias – one globin chain absent/faulty
Sickle-cell anemia – RBCs crescent shaped or rupture easily
*inhale nitric oxide, others
Polycythemia vera
Bone marrow cancer –> excessive RBCS
*severly increased blood viscosity
Secondary Polycythemia
Less O2 available (high altitudes) or EPO production increases. Blood doping
