Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Test 4 Histology > Blood/Hemopoiesis > Flashcards

Blood/Hemopoiesis Flashcards

1
Q
  1. Blood
  2. Serum
  3. Plasma
A
  1. =cells + plasma
  2. =plasma without fibrinogen and clotting factors
  3. =water, proteins (albumin, globulins, compliment proteins and fibrinogen) no cells
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

RBC

  1. composition in blood
  2. life
  3. surface has? (2 things)
  4. staining
  5. cytoskeleton
A
  1. 45% of total blood volume
  2. 120 days (towards end they accumulate oligosac to
  3. A) oligosac accumulate when RBC is old, they are recognized in the spleen for destruction B) carbohydrates on surface related to A, B, O blood types
  4. eosinophilic
  5. spectrin, band 3, band 4.1, ankyrin, actin
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

RBC shape, contents

A

biconcave, 1/3 of RBC mass is Hb

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

RBC precursors?

A

Reticulocytes= new RBCs from bone marrow. Complete Hb synthesis and mature 1-2 days after entering blood

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Hematocrit

A

volume RBC/unit volume

Normal 35-45% (men>women>children)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Hb types

A 
HbA1= A2B2, Normal in adults
HbF= fetal= A2Gamma2
HbS= sickle cell- glutamate exchanged for valine in beta chain
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Sickle Cell

  1. What causes it?
  2. Symptoms?
A
  1. Valine–> glutamate in Beta chain
    Band 3, ankyrin and spectrin cluster
    Sickle cells get trapped in splenic sinuses and die. They can also occlude vessels.
  2. Enlarged spleen , hypoxia, increased bilirubin levels, low RBC and capillary stasis
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Chloride Shift

A

Exchange of CO2 in cytoplasm of RBC with serum Cl-
CO2 in blood binds globin part of Hb to make carbaminohemoglobin.
Carbonic anhydrase makes HCO3 (H20 + CO2)
Carbonic anhydrase is exchanged for Cl- in the blood by BAND 3

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

2,3 BPG

A

Binds deoxyHb when O2 leaves. Decreases Hb affinity for O2 so more is delivered to tissues.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q 
Hereditary Spherocytosis
1. What is it
2. Blood smear?
3. what does it do? 
4. symptoms 
`
A
  1. Biconcave shape (which allows flexibility) is lost, and RBC is spherical due to SPECTRIN DEF
  2. RBC lacks central pale zone
  3. Spherical RBC get stuck in splenic cords and never make it to sinuses.
  4. Causes anemia, splenomegaly
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Platelets

  1. Cell characteristics
  2. precursor cell
  3. Function
A

aka thrombocytes

  1. no nucleus, disk shaped–have glycocalyx with Ca to increase “stickiness” so it can adhere
  2. megakaryocytes
  3. blood clotting, retraction and dissolution
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Platelet cell contents

A

alpha granules- lysosomal
Dense core granules= ADP, ATPm serotonin, Ca+2
Microtubules
Cyclooxegenase metabolism makes Thromboxane A2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Thromboxane A2 synthesis and function

A

Made in platelets during cyloxygenase metabolism

Vasoconstrictor

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Activation of platelets

A

change from discoid shape to flattened appearance. rearrangement of cytoskeleton: microtubule re-distribution, polymerization of actin into microfilaments

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

WBC-

  1. types and subtypes
  2. characteristics
A
  1. 2 types
    granulocytes= neutrophils, eosinophils, basophils–all make specific granules
    agranulocytes= lymphocytes and monocytes
  2. all have azurophilic granules= lysosomes with hyrolytic enzymes
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Neutrophils

  1. shape
  2. differentiation
  3. Contents
  4. function
  5. special property
A
  1. 3-5 lobes
  2. terminally differentiates= no mitosis
  3. specific granules- alkaline phosphatase and phagocytins
    azurophilic granules= myeloperoxidase
  4. phagocytose and kill bacteria- first cell at inflammation
  5. makes h202 during phagocytosis
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

phagocytins=

A

antibacterial proteins found in granules of neutrophils

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Immature neutrophil

A

stab/band neutrophil
horseshoe nucleus
lives 6-10 hours in blood, 2-3 days in tissue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Basophil

  1. contains
  2. special property
  3. funciton
A
  1. basophilic granules with eosinophil chemotactic factor, heparin, histamine, peroxidase
  2. Have igE receptors on membrane
  3. Mediate inflammatory response (similar to mast cells)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Eosinophil

  1. contains
  2. special property
  3. function
A

BILOBED NUCLEUS

  1. Eosinophilic granules with acid phosphatase, aryl sulfatase, histaminase, ribonuclease and peroxidase
  2. decreased by corticosteroids
  3. moderate inflammatory reaction by inactivating histamine and leukotriene C –increases with allergic reactions and parasitic infections
21
Q

Monocytes- what are they

  1. characteristic
  2. life-cycle
  3. Function
  4. main function?
A

Agranular leukocytes

  1. oval/kidney nucleus with lysosomes
  2. can differentiate into other cells in monocytic/macrophage lineage= macrophage, osteoclast and giant cells
  3. regulates immune response and inflammation
  4. differentiate into macrophages in tissue
22
Q

Most abundant leukocyte

A

Neutrophil

23
Q

Lymphocyte

  1. characteristics
  2. types
A
  1. small medium large size, almost no cytoplasm evident
  2. t-lymphocytes- matures in thymus
    b-lymphocytes= mature in bone marrow
    null cells= large granular lymphocytes that become NK or K cells
24
Q

B-lymphocytes

A

humoral immune response= antibodies

25
Q

t-lymphocytes

A

cellular immune response= instant KO

26
Q

Bone marrow

A

Hematopoietic more in fetuses, becomes yellow fat storing marrow in adults.

27
Q

Regulation of bone marrow differentiation

A

via colony stimulating factors= type of cytokine

28
Q

Erythropoiesis

A
  1. Erythropoietin from kidney causes CFU-E cells–>erythroblasts
  2. ribosomes accumulate–> basophilic erythroblast
  3. bind mRNA of Hb, make some Hb–>polychromatophilic erythroblast
  4. lots of Hb–> orthochromatic erythroblast
  5. more Hb–>nucleus condenses, cell shed nucleus, mitochondria and polyribosomes–>erythrocyte
29
Q

Hb from destroyed RBC

A

degrades into bilirubin and Fe is set free,

Fe bind transferrin and makes new Hb (in bone marrow)

30
Q

Erythroblasts

A

first step of erythropoiesis, CFU-E cells differentiate due to erythropoietin

31
Q

Basophilic erythroblast

A

ribosomes accumulate with erythroblast and make it look basophilic

32
Q

Polychromatophilic erythroblast

A

Ribosome present, also mRNA from Hb and formation of Hb in the basophilic erythroblast makes it look less basophilic

33
Q

Orthochromatic erythroblast

A

Lots of Hb accumulation, still making more (ribosomes present)

34
Q

Erythrocyte

A

No organelles

35
Q

Cell types from CFU-E => erythrocyte

A

BFU-E –> CFU-E–>erythroblast—> basophilic erythroblast–>polychromatophilic erythroblast–> orthochromatic erythroblast (normoblast)–>erythrocyte

36
Q

Granulopoiesis

A

CFU-S–>myeloblast (no granules) –>promyelocyte (azurophilic granules)–>metamyelocyte (specific granules)

37
Q

Monopoeisis

A

CFU-S –> monoblast and promonocyte

38
Q

Lymphopoeisis

A

CFU-Ly –>lymphoblast–>lymphocyte

39
Q

Thrombopoeisis

A

CFU-S (+thrombopoeitin)–>megakaryoblast–>megakaryocyte

40
Q

Megakaryoblast

A

in bone morrow, multilobulated. Endomitosis= no division, larger with 64N
Megakaryocytes release small cytoplasmic fragments= platelets

41
Q

Megakaryocyte fragment whne

A

cell plasma membrane fuses with sER

42
Q

Platelets remain in blood for?

A

7-10 days

43
Q

acute lymphocytic leukemia

A

Common in children. Rapid growth if immature WBC

44
Q

Acute myelogenous leukemia

A

Common in adults. Unregulated growth of WBC from myeloid lineage.

45
Q

Chronic lymphocytic leukemia

A

Adult males. B-cell cancer

46
Q

Chronic myelogenous leukemia

A

Philadelphia translocation

unregulated growth of myeloid cells

47
Q

Progenitor cells vs stem cells vs precursor cells

A

Stem- self renewal, enormous capacity for proliferation, and cand diff into multiple cell lineages=NULL CELLS IN BONE MARROW

Progenitor Cells= committed to one lineage. can become precursor cells

Precursor cells= cells in each lineage with disting morphological characteristics

48
Q

CFU-GEMM

A

Myeloid stem cell
Can become erythrocyte, granulocyte, monocytes and platelets
granulocytes= basophils, neutrophils, eosinophils

49
Q

CFU-Ly

A

Lymphoid stem cell

T-, B-, or NK cells

Test 4 Histology (3 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions