Blood, Heart, Blood Vessels Flashcards
(132 cards)
1
Q
which chambers of the heart receive blood from veins?
A
atriums (right from body; left from lungs)
2
Q
which chambers of the heart pump blood into arteries?
A
ventricles (right to lungs; left to body)
3
Q
which chamber of the heart has the thickest wall?
A
left ventricle - needs power to pump blood to the whole body
4
Q
starting with the outermost layer, list the layers (and sublayers) of pericardium
A
fibrous pericardium - serous pericardium - parietal layer of serous pericardium - (space of pericardial cavity) - visceral layer of serous pericardium (aka epicardium)
5
Q
starting with the outermost layer, list the three layers of the heart wall
A
epicardium (aka: visceral layer of serous pericardium) -
myocardium -
endocardium
6
Q
another name for epicardium
A
visceral layer of serous pericardium
7
Q
another name for the visceral layer of serous pericardium
A
epicardium
8
Q
valve between right atrium and right ventricle
A
tricuspid
9
Q
valve between left atrium and left ventricle
A
bicuspid
10
Q
another name for the bicuspid valve
A
mitral
11
Q
another name for the mitral valve
A
bicuspid
12
Q
valve between the left ventricle and aorta
A
aortic semilunar valve
13
Q
valve between the right ventricle and pulmonary trunk
A
pulmonary semilunar valve
14
Q
after the tricuspid valve, blood goes to the …
A
… right ventricle
15
Q
after the coronary sinus, blood goes to the …
A
…right atrium
16
Q
after the left ventricle, blood goes to the …
A
… aortic semilunar valve
17
Q
after the pulmonary trunk, blood goes to the …
A
… right and left pulmonary arteries
18
Q
after the left atrium, blood goes to the …
A
… bicuspid (mitral) valve
19
Q
after the aortic semilunar valve, blood goes to the …
A
… ascending aorta
20
Q
after the inferior vena cava, blood goes to the …
A
… right atrium
21
Q
after the pulmonary veins, blood goes to the …
A
… left atrium
22
Q
the pulmonary circuit begins in the _________
A
right ventricle
23
Q
the pulmonary circuit ends in the _________
A
left atrium
24
Q
the systemic circuit begins in the _______
A
left ventricle
25
the systemic circuit ends in the ________
right atrium
26
thickest tunic in an artery
tunica media
27
only tunic in a capillary
tunica intima
28
thickest tunic in a vein
tunica externa
29
blood cell leaves the spleen via the ...
... splenic vein
30
blood cell leaves the splenic vein via the ...
... superior mesenteric vein
31
blood cell leaves the superior mesenteric vein via the ...
... hepatic portal vein
32
blood cell leaves the hepatic portal vein via the ...
... hepatic vein
33
blood cell leaves the hepatic vein via the ...
... inferior vena cava
34
helps fight tapeworms
eosinophils
35
eosinophils' task
help fight tapeworms
36
phagocytoses bacteria
neutrophils
37
neutrophils' task
phagocytosing bacteria
38
develops into a macrophage
monocytes
39
monocytes' task
develop into macrophages
40
releases histamines and heparin
basophils
41
basophils' task
releasing histamines and heparin
42
cut blood vessels are handled by ...
... platelets
43
platelets' task
aid in healing cut blood vessels
44
transports oxygen
erythrocytes
45
erythrocytes' task
transporting oxygen
46
another name for red blood cells
erythrocytes
47
another name for erythrocytes
red blood cells
48
produces antibodies or directly attacks infected body cells
lymphocytes
49
lymphocytes' task
producing antibodies or directly attacking infected body cells
50
supplies blood to the liver
hepatic artery
51
supplies blood to the quadriceps femoris
femoral artery
52
supplies blood to the testes
testicular artery
53
drains blood from the small intestine
superior mesenteric vein
54
drains blood from the anterior leg
anterior tibial vein
55
supplies blood to the lateral forearm
radial artery
56
supplies blood to the kidneys
renal arteries
57
drains the diaphragm
phrenic vein
58
supplies blood to the eye and cerebrum
internal carotid arteries
59
supplies blood to the masseter and temporalis muscles
external carotid arteries
60
supplies blood to the gastrocnemius
posterior tibial artery
61
supplies blood to the pelvic region
internal iliac arteries
62
supplies blood to the triceps brachii
brachial artery
63
supplies blood to the armpit region
axillary arteries
64
supplies blood to the adrenal glands
suprarenal arteries
65
supplies blood to the heart wall
coronary artery
66
drains blood from the head, neck, thorax and upper limbs
superior vena cava
67
drains blood from the lower limbs and abdominopelvic organs
inferior vena cava
68
supplies blood to the descending colon
inferior mesenteric artery
69
first branch off of aortic arch; supplies blood to right head, neck and upper limb
brachiocephalic artery
70
supplies blood to knee region
popliteal artery
71
short muscular branch off abdominal aorta; branches supply blood to spleen, liver, stomach and pancreas
celiac trunk
72
large red cytoplastmic granules; bilobed nucleus
eosinophils
73
horseshoe or u-shaped nucleus; no cytoplasmic granules visible
monocytes
74
biconcave discs; no nucleus
erythrocytes (red blood cells)
75
coarse ark cytoplasmic granules; nucleus is often obscured
basophils
76
cytoplasmic fragments; no nucleus or organelles
platelets
77
large nucleus with very little cytoplasm; no cytoplasmic granules visible
lymphocytes
78
fine pink-purple cytoplasmic granules; multi-lobed nucleus
neutrophils
79
transports respiratory gases
erythrocytes
80
involved in parasitic worm infestations
eosinophils
81
involved in allergic responses
eosinophils
82
phagocytic: quick response
neutrophils
83
phagocytic: long-term response
monocytes
84
release heparin and histamines
basophils
85
blood clotting
platelets
86
involved in immune response
monocytes
87
involved in antibody production
monocytes
88
functions of blood (5)
1. transport
2. temperature
3. hemostasis (limit fluid loss, ie coagulation)
4. maintain pH
5. defense
89
physical characteristics of blood (5)
- 8% of body weight
- 100 degrees F
- pH slightly alkaline - 7.35-7.45
- red = rich in O2; dark = not
- 5x viscosity of H2O
90
blood components
55% - plasma
1% - buffy coat (leukocytes/platelets)
45% erythrocytes
91
hematocrit
% of whole blood that is packed with cells (men have a little more than women) - usually around 45%
92
formed elements
buffy coat plus erythrocytes
93
contents of buffy coat
leukocytes and platelets
94
plasma contents
90% water
7% plasma proteins
3% other components
95
90% of plasma is made up of ...
... water
96
three types of plasma proteins
albumins
globulins
fibrinogin
97
albumins: carrier proteins of plasma - selective or non-selective?
selective
98
globulins: carrier proteins of plasma - selective or non-selective?
non-selective
99
carrier proteins come in three versions -
alpha, beta, gamma
100
antibodies made in lymphoid tissues
gamma globulins
101
where are most carrie proteins made?
liver
102
fibrinogin - soluable or insoluable?
soluable
103
insoluable protein that forms a mesh-like structure to help make a blood clot
fibrin
104
plasma without clotting factors
serum
105
serum
plasma without clotting factors
106
only complete cells of the formed elements
leukocytes
107
thrombocytes
platelets
108
another name for platelets
thrombocytes
109
functions of erythrocytes
transport oxygen, CO2, hydrogen ions
110
number of erythrocytes
5+ million mm3
111
erythrocytes' life span
100-120 days
112
erythropoeitin
procress of erythrocyte production
113
where are red blood cells produced?
red bone marrow
114
another name for white blood cells
leukocyes
115
process by which WBCs get into cells to fight
diapedesis
116
color of neutrophils
lilac
117
color of eosinophils
red
118
color of basophils
dark
119
most common WBC type
neutrophils
120
life span of neutrophils
minutes to days
121
which WBCs last only minutes to days?
neutrophils and eosinophils
122
life span of eosinophils
minutes to days
123
which WBCs produce T-cells and B-cells?
lymphocytes
124
T cells and B cells are produced by ...
lymphocytes
125
life span of lymphocytes
months to decades
126
largest WBC
monocytes
127
life span of monocytes
months or longer
128
thrombocytes are fragments of ...
... reticulocytes
129
another name for blood clotting
hematopoiesis
130
most of the developing cells in bone marrow are ...
... white blood cells
131
sinusoids
leaky capillaries - big enough for RBCs, WBCs and platelets to enter blood stream
132
steps in blood clotting
1. platelets activated by collagen
2. more platelets show up
3. platelet plug formed
