Blood groups & Transfusions Flashcards
What are the most important antigens associated with blood groups?
ABO
Rh
Which blood group genes are genetically dominant?
A and B
(O is recessive)
How many main rhesus antigens are there? Which is the most important?
5
Rhesus D (AD inheritance)
Is it necessary to crossmatch for blood transfusions in neonates? Why/why not?
No.
ABO antigens are not expressed on red cells until 16w after birth. No antibodies.
Which red cells can be universally donated?
Group O-
(no AB antigens)
Which plasma can be universally donated?
Group AB+ cells
(No AB antibodies)
What are the 5 main acute complications of blood transfusions?
- allergy
- acute haemolytic transfusion reaction
- febrile non-haemolytic transfusion reaction
- acute lung injury
- circulatory overload
What are the red flags for an allergic reaction to a blood transfusion?
- urticaria
- angioedema
- anaphylaxis
What is the immediate management of an allergic reaction to a blood transfusion?
Stop transfusion!!
- saline
- adrenaline
- chlorphenamine
- hydrocortisone
What is an acute haemolytic transfusion reaction? What are the signs?
Incompatible blood bag given
Early:
- fever
- hypotension
- anxiety
Late:
- generalised bleeding (DIC)
How does one manage an acute haemolytic transfusion reaction?
Stop transfusion!!!
- saline
- treat DIC
How does a febrile non-haemolytic transfusion reaction present?
- fever
- rigors/chills
- otherwise well!
How should a febrile non-haemolytic transfusion reaction be managed?
- slow transfusion
- paracetamol
What is the risk of a transfusion-related acute lung injury?
- pulmonary oedema
- ARDS
How does one manage a transformation-related acute lung injury?
Stop transfusion!!
- saline
- treat ARDS
