blood glucose concentration

Question 1

factors that influence blood glucose conc

Answer 1

diet
exercise levels
insulin
glucagon
adrenaline

Question 2

glycogenisis

Answer 2

excess glucose converted to glycogen by liver

Question 3

glycogenolysis

Answer 3

breakdown of glycogen back to glucose by liver

Question 4

gluconeogenesis

Answer 4

glucose created form non-carbohydarte stores in liver e.g amino aicds and glycerol

Question 5

when does gluconeogenesis occur

Answer 5

when glucose levels are low despite glycogenolysis occurring

Question 6

when does inuslin action occur

Answer 6

insulin secreted when beta cells in isle of langerhans detect blood glucose levels are too high

Question 7

insulin action

Answer 7

insulin attaches to receptors on target cells and changes the tertiary structure of the channel proteins so more glucose is absorbed into cells by facilitated diffusion
more protein carriers incorperated into membranes, even more glucose absorbed from blood into cells
glycogensis occurs, catalysed by activating enzymes

Question 8

glucagon action when and where

Answer 8

glucagon produced by pancreas in response to low glucose levels

Question 9

glucagon action

Answer 9

glucagon attaches to receptors on surface of target cells
stimulates adenylate cyclase to convert ATP into cAMP
cAMP acts as second messenger
activates enzyme protein kinase, hydrloyses glycogen to glucose
can also activate enzymes involved in gluconeogensis

Question 10

what is a second messenger model

Answer 10

molecules inside a cell that transmit signals intracelluarly from the binding of an extracellular molecule to a receptor

Question 11

adrenaline action

Answer 11

adrenaline attaches to receptors on surface of target cells
causes G protein to be acitvated and to convert ATP to cAMP
cAMP activates enxyme that hydrolyses glycogen to glucose
glycoenolysis occurs
occurs when blood gluc conc too low