3.7.1 inheritance definitions

Question 1

gene

Answer 1

section of DNA containing coded info, located at a particular site on DNA molecule

Question 2

locus

Answer 2

point on a chromosome where allele is found

Question 3

amino acid

Answer 3

protein monomer

Question 4

triplet

Answer 4

3 nucleotides, form an amino acid (codon)

Question 5

genetic code

Answer 5

sequence of nucleotide bases on mRNA which codes for amino acids

Question 6

degenerate code

Answer 6

amino acid can be coded for by multiple codons

Question 7

non-overlapping

Answer 7

each base only read once

Question 8

universal

Answer 8

same codons code for same amino acid in all living things

Question 9

exons

Answer 9

coding region of a gene

Question 10

introns

Answer 10

non coding regions of a gene

Question 11

chromosome

Answer 11

structure found in nucleus, carries genetic info, made of protein and DNA

Question 12

chromatid

Answer 12

one strand of a chromosome, joined together by a centromere befroe cell division

Question 13

histone

Answer 13

proteins incorporated with chromosomes

Question 14

allele

Answer 14

version of a gene

Question 15

genotype

Answer 15

all of the genes that make up an organism, describes alleles an individual has

Question 16

phenotype

Answer 16

observable biochemical characteristics of an organism altered by environment

Question 17

homozygous

Answer 17

having 2 identical alleles of a particular gene, same from both parents

Question 18

heterozygous

Answer 18

having 2 different alleles of a particular gene

Question 19

dominant

Answer 19

allele in heterozygote that expresses itself in the phenotype, only one copy needed

Question 20

recessive

Answer 20

only expressed when both alleles recessive

Question 21

homozygous dominant

Answer 21

both alleles dominant

Question 22

homozygous recessive

Answer 22

both alleles recessive