Blood glucose and obesity

Question 1

What is glucose stored as and where is it stored?

Answer 1

• Glycogen
• the liver

Question 1

What can consistently high blood glucose levels lead to?

Answer 1

blood vessel damage which causes:

• peripheral vascular disease
• cardiovascular disease
  -stroke
• microvascular disease ( damage to retina or kidney
• peripheral nerve dysfunction

Question 2

Explain what happens when there is a rise in blood glucose levels to?

Answer 2

• pancreas triggers secretion of insulin
• insulin travels to the liver where it binds to insulin receptors
• This causes glucose to be converted to glycogen
• This reduces blood glucose levels

Question 3

Explain what happens when there is a drop in blood glucose levels?

Answer 3

• Pancreas increases the secretion of glucagon
• glucagon travels to the liver and catalyses the conversion of glycogen to glucose.
• blood glucose levels increase due to glucose being released by the liver

Question 4

What is the relationship between insulin and glucagon?

Answer 4

antagonistic relationship - they have a negative feedback effect on each other

Question 5

what hormone is produced in a fight or flight situation to increase blood glucose levels?

Answer 5

adrenaline

Question 6

What is the difference in the cause of type 1 and type 2 diabetes

Answer 6

• type 1 diabetes is caused by pancreatic cells inability to produce insulin
• type 2 diabetes is caused by the insensitivity of the insulin receptors for the insulin.

Question 7

What is the difference in the stages of life which type 1 and type 2 diabetes are diagnosed at?

Answer 7

• type 1 occurs in early childhood
• type 2 is usually later in life

Question 8

difference in treatment between type 1 and type 2 diabetes?

Answer 8

• type 1 treated by regular insulin injections
• type 2 treated by regularly exercising, losing weight and controlling diet

Question 9

What is obesity?

Answer 9

A condition characterised by accumulation of excess body fat in relation to lean tissue.

Question 10

What is obesity a risk factor for?

Answer 10

cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes

Question 11

how do you calculate a persons BMI?

Answer 11

weight(Kg)/ Height squared (metres)

Question 12

What do different BMI ranges mean?

Answer 12

20-25= normal
26-30= overweight
31-40= obese
over 40 = morbidly obese

Question 13

Why is BMI not always reliable?

Answer 13

People with a lot of muscle mass will be incorrectly classified as obese

Question 14

How can obese people change their lifestyle to improve their health and weight?

Answer 14

• Reduce energy intake by limiting consumption of fat and free sugars
• regular exercise

Question 15

what are the benefits of regular exercise?

Answer 15

• reduction is cardiovascular disease risk
• increase in HDL levels
• decrease in hypertension and stress