Blood Gasses Flashcards
Acid base imbalance of bicarbonate deficit
Acid base imbalance of bicarbonate excess
Acid base imbalance of carbonic acid excess
Acid base imbalance of carbonic acid deficit
metabolic acidosis
metabolic alkalisis
R. acidosis
R. alkalosis
two clinical forms of metabolic acidosis
high anion gap acidosis results from excessive fixed acid accumulation
normal anion agap acidosis results from direct loss of bicarbonate
what is the formula for anion gap?
AG=Na - (HCO3+HCL)
what is the more accurate description for anion gap
Undetermined anions or unmeasured ions
examples of unmeasured anion conc
sulfate and phosphate and various organic acids
What is the law of electroneutrality
conc of total cations and total anions in plasma must be equal
elevated anion gap
addition of acid to plasma
reduced anion gap
lab error, hypoalbulinemia, bromide intoxication, multiple myeloma
what is the most useful in diagnosis metabolic acidosis?
Anion Gap
Hyperkalemia
increased anion gap
M, acidosis
what is the compensation for
metabolic acidosis and alkalosis
respiratory alkalosis and acidosis
check book
hypokalemia, hypochloridemia, base positive
M, alkalosis
always due to inadequate excretion of CO2
R. acidosis
Chronic obstructiive lung disease, blockage of iar passage
opiates
pneumonia
anesthesia
emphysema
asthma
myasthenia gravis
R. acidosis
hypoxemia
hysteria
pulmonary emboli
pulmonary fibrosis
R. alkalosis
compensation for R. acidosis and R. alkalosis
chek book
BASTA INCREASED SA BICARB REAB, NA-H EXCHANGE, AT AMMONIA FORMATION ANG RESPIRATORY ACIDOSIS
DECREASED SA LAHAT ANG YUGN R ALKALOSIS
IN COLLECTION OF BLOOD FOR BLOOD GASES
what specimen and anticoagulant is used?
where is the best site of collection and what are the others?
if arterial blood is unavailable, what can be used?
what is done before the collection of an arterial bood?
venous may be used for what blood components?
Why should hyperventilation or hypoventilation be avoided?
wholeblood heparin
radial artery is the best, for specimen, arteries, capillaries, veins, radial, brachial and femoral arteries are picked
capillary
prewarming at 45c
ph and pCO2 only
affects pCO2, pH, pO2
hyperventilation - dec pCO2, inc pH, inc pO2
Collection receptacles
downward shfting of blood pH, leakage of gases through walls, bubbles
lowers the pCO2 levels
has air space
reference receptacle
heparinized plastic syringes
oiled syringes
heparinized vacutainer tubes
gas tight glass syringe
read p74 second to the last bullet
ok
icing the specimen will stabilize what?
pH, pCO2 for up to 3 HOURSSSSSSSSSSSSSS
