Blood Gases

Question 1

PARAMETERS OF IN THE ASSESSMENT OF ACID-BASE BALANCE

Answer 1

1. pH
2. pCO2
3. pO2
4. HCO3

Question 2

NORMAL pH:

Answer 2

7.35 - 7.45

Question 3

REFERENCE VALUE FOR ARTERIAL
BLOOD

Answer 3

pH 7.40

Question 4

AN INCREASE IN H+ CONCENTRATION
________ WHEREAS A DECREASE IN H+
CONCENTRATION ________

Answer 4

DECREASES pH, INCREASES pH.

Question 5

THE _______ AND ________ PLAY VITAL ROLES IN
REGULATING BLOOD pH, AND IT IS EXPRESSED BY THE ______

Answer 5

LUNGS AND KIDNEYS; HENDERSON-HASSELBACH EQUATION

Question 6

NORMAL pCO2

Answer 6

35-45 mmHg

Question 7

IS A WEAK BASE BECAUSE IT DOES NOT
COMPLETELY DISSOCIATE INTO H+ AND HCO3-

Answer 7

H2CO3

Question 8

WHEN AN ACID IS ADDED TO THE BICARBONATE-CARBONIC ACID SYSTEM, THE HCO3- WILL COMBINE WITH THE H+ FROM THE
ACID TO FORM

Answer 8

H2CO3

Question 9

THE _____ REGULATE THE pH THROUGH
RETENTION OR ELIMINATION OF CO2

Answer 9

LUNGS

Question 10

INCREASE pCO2. (3)

Answer 10

BARBITURATES, MORPHINE, OR ALCOHOL

Question 11

AN INCREASING RATIO OF HEPARIN TO BLOOD
CAN HAVE AN INCREASINGLY MARKED EFFECT ON?

Answer 11

MEASURED pCO2 (12-15%) AND THE PARAMETERS CALCULATED FROM IT.

Question 12

NORMAL HCO3

Answer 12

22-26 mmol/L

Question 13

THE _______ REGULATE pH BY EXCRETING
ACID (NH4 IONS) AND REABSORPTION OF HCO3- FROM THE GLOMERULAR FILTRATE.

Answer 13

KIDNEYS

Question 14

NORMAL pO2:

Answer 14

81-100 mmHg

Question 15

MOST OF THE CO2 COMBINES WITH H2O TO FORM H2CO3 WHICH DISSOCIATES IMMEDIATELY INTO H+ AND HCO3- (THE REACTION IS ACCELERATED BY?)

Answer 15

CARBONIC ANHYDRASE).

Question 16

THE DISSOCIATION OF H2CO3 INCREASED?

Answer 16

HCO3- IN RBC CAUSING IT TO DIFFUSE INTO THE PLASMA.

Question 17

TO MAINTAIN ELECTRONEUTRALITY, CHLORIDE DIFFUSES INTO THE CELL AS AN EXCHANGE TO MOVING OUT OF HCO3-

Answer 17

CHLORIDE SHIFT

Question 18

INSPIRED O2 DIFFUSES FROM THE ALVEOLI INTO THE BLOOD AND IS BOUND TO HEMOGLOBIN FORMING?

Answer 18

OXYHEMOGLOBIN (O2Hb)

Question 19

THE H+ THAT WAS CARRIED ON THE (REDUCED) HEMOGLOBIN IN THE VENOUS BLOOD IS RELEASED TO?

Answer 19

RECOMBINE WITH HCO3- TO FORM H2CO3, WHICH DISSOCIATES INTO H2O AND CO2

Question 20

THE CO2 DIFFUSES INTO THE ALVEOLI AND IS ELIMINATED THROUGH?

Answer 20

VENTILATION

Question 21

MAIN ROLE IN MAINTAINING ACID-BASE HOMEOSTASIS IS TO ________ FROM THE GLOMERULAR FILTRATE

Answer 21

RECLAIM HCO3-

Question 22

WITHOUT RECLAMATION?

Answer 22

THE LOSS OF HCO3- IN THE URINE WOULD RESULT IN AN EXCESSIVE GAIN IN THE BLOOD.

Question 23

MAIN SITE FOR HCO3- RECLAMATION IS THE

Answer 23

PROXIMAL TUBULES.

Question 24

THE H+ COMBINES WITH HCO3- IN THE FILTRATE TO FORM

Answer 24

H2CO3

Question 25

THE H2CO3 IS CONVERTED INTO H2O AND CO2 BY

Answer 25

CARBONIC ANHYDRASE.

Question 26

FOUR BASIC ABNORMAL STATES:

Answer 26

METABOLIC ACIDOSIS METABOLIC ALKALOSIS RESPIRATORY ACIDOSIS RESPIRATORY ALKALOSIS

Question 27

BICARBONATE DEFICIENCY

Answer 27

METABOLIC ACIDOSIS

Question 28

BICARBONATE EXCESS

Answer 28

METABOLIC ALKALOSIS

Question 29

EXCESSIVE CO2 ACCUMULATION

Answer 29

RESPIRATORY ACIDOSIS

Question 30

EXCESSIVE CO2 LOSS

Answer 30

RESPIRATORY ALKALOSIS