Blood - function and composition

Question 1

Name the 4 main components of blood

Answer 1

Plasma

Platelets

White Blood Cells

Red Blood Cells

Question 2

What percentage of blood is made up of plasma

Answer 2

55%

Question 3

Name 3 things Plasma contains

Answer 3

Proteins

Electrolytes ( Na+, K+, CL -)

Nutrients ( glucose, amino acids)

Question 4

Name the 2 types of white blood cells what are the differences?

Answer 4

Granulocytes

Agranulocytes

Granulocytes contain a granular cytoplasm

Question 5

Name the 3 types of Granulocytes and how are they different?

Answer 5

Neutrophils

Basophils

Eosinophils

Different types of granules in their cytoplasm’s

Question 6

Name the 2 types of Agranulocytes

Answer 6

Lymphocytes

Monocytes

Question 7

Name 5 functions of blood

Answer 7

Controlling PH

Regulating electrolytes

Clearing toxins

Thermoregulation

Transport of gases - O2 and CO2

Question 8

Define Haemostais

Answer 8

The body’s response to an injury which causes bleeding

Question 9

Role of haemoglobin

Answer 9

A protein that reversibly binds and transports oxygen and carbon dioxide

Question 10

Role of Leucocytes (WBCs)

Answer 10

Involved in defence against foreign material, infective agents, and cells infected by viruses and cancer cells, part of immune system

Question 11

Role of Neutrophils

Answer 11

Circulate in the blood

Migrate into tissues

Capable of phagocytosis

Question 12

Role of Basophils

Answer 12

Provide immunity against parasite and allergic reactions

Non phagocytic

Contain basophilic granules

Defend against larger parasites

Granules contain histamine and heparin

Elevated n allergy sufferers

Question 13

Role of Eosinophiles

Answer 13

Specialise in parasitic infections

Contain eosinophilic granules

Attach to parasite bodies and release the toxic granules - activates immune cells

Question 14

Role of B Lymphocytes

Answer 14

Detect foreign cells antigen and develop into plasma cells

Plasma cells release antibodies to label the antigen

Antibodies stimulate immune response

Question 15

Role of Monocytes

Answer 15

Circulate in the blood for a few hours

Migrate into the tissues, enlarge and become macrophages

Known as kuffer cells in the liver

Gather in the spleen and lymph nodes

Active phagocytic cells

Question 16

Role of Lymphocytes

Answer 16

Part of immune response

Question 17

Role of T lymphocytes

Answer 17

Migrate to the thymus for maturation

Develop into cytoxic T-cells after contract with infected, transplanted and cancer cells and lyse them

Support immune response

Question 18

Role of Natural Killer cells

Answer 18

Early non-specific, innate defence

Detect virus host cells, damaged or cancer cells

Releasee cell lysing perforins and granzymes to destroy cells

Question 19

Outline the process of blood coagulation

Answer 19

Intact blood vessel wall blocks platelet aggregation

Injured blood vessel wall signals to platelets and clotting factors to activate and aggregate at site

Cascade of clotting factors sequentially activated by cleavage of pro protein to activated protein - amplification f pathway

Tight regulation of clotting cascade required to limit coagulation to site of injury and stop coagulation when no longer required