blood flow of the heart

Question 1

the cardiac blood vessels are situated in which layer

Answer 1

They are embedded in fat and just deep to the epicardium.

Question 2

the Left coronary descends from

Answer 2

the posterior left aortic sinus

Question 3

the right coronary artery descends from

Answer 3

the anterior aortic sinus

Question 4

what are the branches of the left coronary artery

Answer 4

1) branches to the aorta and the pulmonary trunk
2) LAD (lt conus artery)
3) lt CXR : lt marginal artery ,gives branches to the lt atrium, lt ventricle, and sa node 40% and AV node 20%

Question 5

branches of right coronary artery

Answer 5

branches to the aorta and pulmonary trunk,,
rt marginal artery, posterior descending artery
sa node 60 /5 av node 80%, right ventricle and rt atrium and right conus artery.

Question 6

Lt coronary artery supplies

Answer 6

the Lt ventricle,atrium and Rt ventricle some parts , sa node 40, av 20, and the ant 2/3rd of the IVS

Question 7

rt coronary artery supplies

Answer 7

the rt ventricle,atrium and lt ventricle some parts (diaphragmatic surface), sa node 60, av 80, and the post 1/3rd of the IVS

Question 8

what are functional end arteries and give eg

Answer 8

they are arteries which act like end arteries but then if there is a block(gradual) then they work like anastamosis.
eg coronary artery we have 2 regions of anastamosis one at the apex and one at the crux

Question 9

which arteries are more likely to be obstructed

Answer 9

. Anterior IV (LAD)  branch of the LCA  (40%).
2. RCA (30%).
Circumflex branch of  the LCA (15%).
LCA
Posterior IV

Question 10

name some veins which we utilize for grafting

Answer 10

Saphenous vein
Radial artery
Left internal thoracic (mammary) artery (LITA)
Right internal thoracic (mammary) artery (RITA)

Question 11

why do we use the saphenous vein very often

Answer 11

Has a diameter equal to or greater than that of the coronary arteries.
Can be easily dissected from the lower limb.
Offers relatively lengthy portions with a minimum occurrence of valves or branching

Question 12

in what condition does MI lead to epigastric pain

Answer 12

Myocardial infarction involving the inferior wall or diaphragmatic surface of the heart often gives rise to discomfort in the epigastrium.
The afferent pain fibers from the heart ascend in the sympathetic nerves and enter the spinal cord in the posterior roots of the seventh, eighth, and ninth thoracic spinal nerves and give rise to referred pain in the T7, T8, and T9 thoracic dermatomes in the epigastrium

Question 13

name the veins that drain directly to the atrium

Answer 13

venae cordis minimi and anteriro cardiac veins

Question 14

what are the tributeries of the coronary sinus

Answer 14

Great cardiac vein
Middle cardiac vein
Small cardiac vein
Oblique vein of left atrium
Posterior vein of left ventricle

Question 15

explain a bit about the great cardiac vein

Answer 15

Begins near the apex of the heart.
Runs	in	anterior	interventricular	groove	in	accompany	with	the  anterior interventricular artery.
Curves to the left in the left part of  the coronary groove to the back of  the heart in accompany with the  circumflex artery.
Ends into the coronary sinus.
Tributaries:
Tributaries from both ventricle
and from left atrium.
Left marginal vein

Question 16

explain about the middle cardiac vein

Answer 16

Runs in the posterior interventricular groove.
Termination: By joining the
coronary sinus near its right end.
Tributaries: Receives tributaries from both ventricles.

Question 17

explain the small cardiac vein

Answer 17

Runs in the right part of the posterior atrioventricular groove with the right coronary artery.
Termination: By joining the right end of the coronary sinus.
Tributaries:
Receives tributaries from the right ventricle and right atrium.
It also receives the right
marginal vein that runs along the inferior margin of the heart.

Question 18

explain the oblique vein of the left atrium

Answer 18

Course: Descends obliquely on the back of the left atrium.
Termination: Ends in the
coronary sinus near its left end.
Tributaries: Receives tributaries from the left atrium.

Question 19

explain the post vein of the left ventricle

Answer 19

Course: runs on the diaphragmatic surface of the left ventricle, to the left of the middle cardiac vein.
Termination: In the middle of the coronary sinus.
Tributaries: Receives tributaries from the left ventricle.