anatomy: thoracic wall Flashcards
explain the attachments of the tubercle of the rib
Smooth articular facet (costo-transverst joint) for the transverse process of the numerically corresponding vertebra.
Rough (non-articular) part for attachment of the lateral costo-transverse ligament.
what are the characteristics of a typical rib? and how many typical ribs are there?
3 to 9 are typical ribs
Typical rib = Head with 2 facets, tubercle with facet and shaft twisted
characteristic of the 1st atypical rib?
Broadest and most curved rib.
Head with one complete facet.
The tubercle coincides with the angle.
Outer and inner borders.
Upper and lower surfaces.
Scalene tubercle on the inner border & scalene ridge on the upper surface.
Grooves on superior surface for subclavian vessels.
Rarely fractured because of its protected position postero-inferior to the clavicle.
2nd atypical rib characteristics
Head with 2 facets
Tubercle with facet
Not twisted
Tuberosity for serratus anterior
talk about the 10th 11th and 12 the atypical rib?
all of them has only one facet in the head, 10th has tuberosity but 11 and 12th does not 11th has angle but 12th does not have angle as well and the anterior end is pointed
jugularnotch is at the level of which vertebrae
INF BORDER OF T2
sternal angle is at the level of which cartilage and which vertebrae
Level with the 2nd costal cartilage and lower border of T4 vertebra.
what is a sternal foramen
a sternal foramen is a whole in the sternal body due to the incomplete fusion of the sternebrae.
teh xiphesternal joint is in level with what
Central tendon of diaphragm.
Inferior border of heart.
Superior limit of liver.
the xiphoid process is at what level
at the 10th level ie t10 vertebrae
the inferior angle of the scapula is opposite to what level
it is opposite to the 7th rib
what are the features of typical thoracic vertebrae and how many are they
typical vertebrae are from 2-8th
and their features are:
The Body: is heart-shaped with 2 Demifacets for the articulation with the heads of ribs.
The transverse process: with costal facets for the articulation with the tubercles of ribs.
The spinous processes: are Long, tapered and slanting inferiorly.
The vertebral canal is circular.
explain the features of the atypical vertebrae 1
the features include Body: One complete costal facet for head of rib1 and demifacet for rib 2
Transverse process: costal facet for tubercle of rib 1
Spinous process: horizontal
explain the features of the rest of the vertebrae t9,10,11 and 12
ok so t9 has only one demifacet on the top it also has a transverse costal facet.
t10 has one whole facet for the articulation of t10 vertebrae and also a transverse costal facet.
t11 only costal facet on the body and no facet on the transverse process sames goes for t12 but t12 inferior articular facet is of lumbar type.
tell the extend and action of the external and internal intercostal muscles
external intercostal muscles :From the tubercle of the rib (behind) to the costochondral junction (in front) where it continues as a membrane called the anterior (external) intercostal membrane.
action : inspiration.
internal intercostal muscle:From the lateral margin of the sternum (anteriorly) to the angle of the rib (posteriorly) where it continues as a membrane called posterior (internal) intercostal membrane.
action : forced expiration.
explain about the transversus thoraces
we have 3 muscles Sternocostalis,Intercostalis intimi. (innermost intercostal), Subcostalis.
sternocostalis: ORIGIN:
Lower 1/3 of posterior surface of body of sternum & xiphoid process
Insertion:
Costal cartilages from the 2nd to the 6th
DIRECTION OF FIBERS:
Upward and laterally.
NERVE SUPPLY:
Intercostal nerves
action:
Supports the sternocostal joint
intercostalis intimi: ORIGIN: Lower border of the rib above Insertion: Upper border of the rib below DIRECTION OF FIBERS: Downwards and backwards (as internal intercostal) Along the middle two-fourth of the intercostal space . NERVE SUPPLY: Intercostal nerves aCTION: Elevation of the ribs during inspiration
subcostalis:ORIGIN: Slips from the inner surface of the rib at its angle Insertion: The 2nd or 3rd rib below DIRECTION OF FIBERS: Downward and medially . NERVE SUPPLY: Intercostal nerves aCTION: Depresses the ribs during expiration
branches of the internal thoracic artery
Pericardiacophrenic artery: runs with the phrenic nerve and supplies the pericardium, the pleura and the diaphragm.
Anterior intercostal arteries: Two for each of the upper six intercostal spaces.
Perforating arteries: Accompany the anterior cutaneous nerves and the perforating branches of the 2nd, 3rd and 4th spaces supply the mammary gland.
Musculophrenic.
Superior epigastric.
what are atypical and typical intercostal nerves
Typical intercostal nerves: The nerves from the 3rd to the 6th because they are distributed in the chest wall only.
Atypical intercostal nerves: The upper 2 and last 5 intercostal nerves because they are distributed also outside the chest wall.
explain the pump handle type of movement and the bucket handle type of movement.
Because the anterior ends of the ribs are inferior to the posterior ends, when the ribs are elevated, they move the sternum upward and forward.
this is called as the handle pump movement
and As well as the anterior ends of the ribs being lower than the posterior ends, the middles of the shafts tend to be lower than the two ends. When the shafts are elevated, the middles of the shafts move laterally. This ‘bucket handle’ movement increases the lateral dimensions of the thorax
Costo-transverse joint: 1st sternochondral joint: : 2-7: Sternoclavicular joint is : Manubriosternal joint is Xiphesternal joint:
Costo-transverse joint:planetypesynovialjoint
1st sternochondral joint: : primary cartilaginous joint
2-7: catilagenous joint
Sternoclavicular joint is : plain synovial
Manubriosternal joint is secondary cartilaginous joint
Xiphesternal joint: primary cartilaginous joint.
