blood flow, drugs cardio vascular system Flashcards
explain The redistribution of bloodflow during exercise?
working muscles need more oxygen and oxygen is attached to red blood cells in the blood. Your heart rate and stoke volume increases so more blood circulates every minute. Blood is diverted away from an active muscles and blood is shunted away from the stomach.
what is meant by vasoconstriction?
Blood vessels constrict to make them smaller this happens because when you exercise chemical changes trigger signals from your nervous system.
what is meant by vasodilation?
your blood vessels dilate therefore they get bigger because chemical changes trigger signals from the nervous system therefore more blood flow gets to the active muscles which means more oxygen.
what is the definition of optimum weight?
The ideal weight someone should be based on the height and sex
what for factors affect optimum weight?
height – taller people are usually heavier.
gender – males usually have more muscle therefore are heavier.
bone structure
muscle girth- more muscle equals more weight
why do people take anabolic steroids? who might use them and what are the risks?
so people can train for harder and longer. Sprinters and weightlifters. Liver damage and mood swings
beta-blockers?
reduces your muscle shaking and anxiety. Gymnastics and archery. It disturbs your sleep.
narcotic analgesics?
increase pain threshold and mask injuries. Sprinter and boxer. Anxiety depression and loss of concentration.
Diuretics?
lose weight because they will urinate more. Horse-riders. Heart and kidney failure and dehydration.
Stimulants?
increase alertness and reduce tiredness. Rugby and boxing. Insomnia and aggression.
Peptide hormones?
increase strength
heart failure
sprinter and rugby player
EPOs?
Increase red blood cells- more oxygen to muscles.
long distance runner
increase in thickness of blood - heart attack
Recreational drugs?
Alcohol- heart failure and higher blood pressure
Nicotine- strokes and heart disease
what makes up the cardiovascular system?
the heart, the blood vessels, the blood
what three roles does the cardiovascular system have during exercise
transport oxygen in the blood to the working muscles
removed waste products
returns blood to the lungs for oxygenation
what is the definition of heart rate?
number of times the heart beats per minute
What is the definition of stroke volume?
the amount of blood leaving the heart each beat
what is the definition of systolic blood pressure?
the pressure when blood is being pumped out of the heart.
what are the immediate effects on the cardiovascular system when we exercise?
increase in heart rate, stroke volume and systolic blood pressure
what are the lads by term effect on the cardiovascular system when we exercise
lower resting heart rate
increased number of red blood cells
stronger heart reduces chance of coronary heart disease
what is meant by cardiac output
the amount of blood leaving the heart per minute
what is meant by diastolic blood pressure
pressure in arteries whilst heart is relaxed- lower than systolic
what happens if your blood pressure is too high
puts strain on your arteries and heart
what is meant by cholesterol? how can it be caused?
high cholesterol - deposit to build up in arteries.
Eating too much saturated fat
