Blood Flow and Regulation of Blood Pressure Flashcards
Dr. Mike Wacker (UMKC)
What is the difference between flow rate and velocity of flow?
What determines blood flow?
Pressure and resistance
Keep MAP high and CVP low to maintain adequate flow
Is flow caused by absolute pressure or a change in pressure?
Resistance is determined by?
Explain how blood travels both through a series and parallel circuit?
How can you adjust flow from one organ and shunt it to another? How does parallel arrangement of arterioles allow this?
Is the total blood flow through all the arterioles of the body always equal to the cardiac output?
Yes
What are two ways that there is local control of blood flow: Autoregulation
- Metabolic hyperemia
- Sheer stress control of blood flow: Nitric Oxide
How does metabolic hyperemia attribute to changes in blood flow?
How can sheer stress control blood flow?
How do the paracrine/hormonal factors control blood flow?
How is coronary blood flow altered during systole and diastole when measured in left ventricle? (And a reason why you should never give B-blockers to a person high on cocaine)
Where are the baroreceptors located?
Where is the cardiovascular center and neuronal control of blood pressure located?
How does action potential firing in the baroreceptor nerve respond to an increase in pressure?
Increases the firing rate with increases in pressure
Explain the autonomic reflex to changes in blood pressure
The baroreceptor reflex mainly alters what in response to arterial blood pressure?
What are the main ways the body maintains long term regulation of blood pressure?
- ADH
- Renin Angiotensin Aldosterone System (RAAS)
- ANP and BNP
How does ADH release from the pituitary contribute to an increase in BP?
Explain all the ways that angiotensin II (RAAS) contributes to an increase in BP?
Many cases of hypertension can be contributed to excess weight. Why?
What are ways that the heart alters blood pressure through ANP and BNP?
If blood volume decreases due to dehydration or hemorrhage, what are ways that the body an respond to adjust to the increase BP?
Kidneys -> Release renin that causes angiotensin II to retain water/Na
The heart -> increase sympathetics (increase HR)
Medulla/pituitary -> Release ADH
What is the main cardiovascular response to an increase in blood pressure or increase in blood volume?
