Blood Flow and Regulation of Blood Pressure

Question 1

What is the difference between flow rate and velocity of flow?

Answer 1

Question 2

What determines blood flow?

Answer 2

Pressure and resistance
Keep MAP high and CVP low to maintain adequate flow

Question 3

Is flow caused by absolute pressure or a change in pressure?

Answer 3

Question 4

Resistance is determined by?

Answer 4

Question 5

Explain how blood travels both through a series and parallel circuit?

Answer 5

Question 6

How can you adjust flow from one organ and shunt it to another? How does parallel arrangement of arterioles allow this?

Answer 6

Question 7

Is the total blood flow through all the arterioles of the body always equal to the cardiac output?

Answer 7

Yes

Question 8

What are two ways that there is local control of blood flow: Autoregulation

Answer 8

1. Metabolic hyperemia
2. Sheer stress control of blood flow: Nitric Oxide

Question 9

How does metabolic hyperemia attribute to changes in blood flow?

Answer 9

Question 10

How can sheer stress control blood flow?

Answer 10

Question 11

How do the paracrine/hormonal factors control blood flow?

Answer 11

Question 12

How is coronary blood flow altered during systole and diastole when measured in left ventricle? (And a reason why you should never give B-blockers to a person high on cocaine)

Answer 12

Question 13

Where are the baroreceptors located?

Answer 13

Question 14

Where is the cardiovascular center and neuronal control of blood pressure located?

Answer 14

Question 15

How does action potential firing in the baroreceptor nerve respond to an increase in pressure?

Answer 15

Increases the firing rate with increases in pressure

Question 16

Explain the autonomic reflex to changes in blood pressure

Answer 16

Question 17

The baroreceptor reflex mainly alters what in response to arterial blood pressure?

Answer 17

Question 18

What are the main ways the body maintains long term regulation of blood pressure?

Answer 18

1. ADH
2. Renin Angiotensin Aldosterone System (RAAS)
3. ANP and BNP

Question 19

How does ADH release from the pituitary contribute to an increase in BP?

Answer 19

Question 20

Explain all the ways that angiotensin II (RAAS) contributes to an increase in BP?

Answer 20

Question 21

Many cases of hypertension can be contributed to excess weight. Why?

Answer 21

Question 22

What are ways that the heart alters blood pressure through ANP and BNP?

Answer 22

Question 23

If blood volume decreases due to dehydration or hemorrhage, what are ways that the body an respond to adjust to the increase BP?

Answer 23

Kidneys -> Release renin that causes angiotensin II to retain water/Na

The heart -> increase sympathetics (increase HR)

Medulla/pituitary -> Release ADH

Question 24

What is the main cardiovascular response to an increase in blood pressure or increase in blood volume?

Answer 24