Blood Flow

Question 1

The CNS uses approximately how much of the cardiac output?

Answer 1

17% (850 ml/min)

Question 2

The CNS burns approximately how much O2?

Answer 2

3.3 ml

Question 3

Changes in blood circulation occur as what?

Answer 3

cerebrovascular accidents (CVA; strokes)

Question 4

Strokes are of clinical significance and the symptoms and signs manifested after a stroke depend on what?

Answer 4

upon the vessels involved

Question 5

Major arterial supply to the brain is derived from what?

Answer 5

the two internal carotids and from the vertebral-basilar system

Question 6

What two systems anastomose (become continuous with each other) around the base of the brain as the anastomotic Circle of Willis?

Answer 6

the two internal carotids and vertebral-basilar system

Question 7

5 arteries involved in the anastomotic Circle of Willis?

Answer 7

• anterior cerebral arteries
• anterior communicating artery
• internal carotid arteries
• posterior communicating arteries
• posterior cerebral arteries

Question 8

What 5 arteries are involved in the internal carotid system?

Answer 8

• anterior choroidal artery
• posterior communicating artery
• middle cerebral artery
• anterior cerebral artery
• striatal (ganglionic or central) arteries

Question 9

What artery is associated with the choroid plexus and the temporal lobe?

Answer 9

anterior choroidal artery

Question 10

What artery is supplies the posterolateral ganglionic arteries for the thalamus and basal ganglia?

Answer 10

posterior communicating artery

Question 11

What artery supplies blood to the lateral surface of the cerebral hemispheres?

Answer 11

middle cerebral artery

Question 12

What artery supplies blood to the medial surface of the cerebral hemispheres, rostral to the parieto-occipital sulcus?

Answer 12

anterior cerebral artery

Question 13

What arteries are penetrating arteries that supply the subcortical structures: basal ganglia, diencephalon, subcortical white matter?

Answer 13

striatal (ganglionic or central) arteries

Question 14

What 8 arteries make up the vertebral-basilar system?

Answer 14

• vertebral artery
• anterior spinal artery
• posterior spinal artery
• posterior inferior cerebellar artery (PICA)
• anterior inferior cerebellar artery (AICA)
• superior cerebellar artery
• basilar artery
• posterior cerebral artery

Question 15

What artery supplies the anterolateral medulla?

Answer 15

vertebral artery

Question 16

What artery supplies blood tot he antermedial medulla, anterior spinal cord?

Answer 16

anterior spinal artery

Question 17

What artery supplies blood to the posterior and caudal medulla, posterior spinal cord?

Answer 17

posterior spinal artery

Question 18

What artery supplies blood to the cerebellum and lateral part of medulla?

Answer 18

posterior inferior cerebellar artery (PICA)

Question 19

What artery supplies blood to the pontine tegmentum and cerebellum?

Answer 19

anterior inferior cerebellar artery (AICA)

Question 20

What artery supplies blood to the dorsal midbrain, cerebellar cortex, and deep nuclei?

Answer 20

superior cerebellar artery

Question 21

What artery supplies blood to the pons and cerebral peduncles?

Answer 21

basilar artery

Question 22

What artery supplies blood to the midbrain, ventral and medial parts of the cerebral hemispheres?

Answer 22

posterior cerebral artery

Question 23

What 3 veins are involved in blood supply to the brain?

Answer 23

• Great vein of Galen
• Cerebral veins
• Dural veins (bridging from the cortex to the dural sinuses)

Question 24

What arteries supply the cortex of the brain?

Answer 24

• middle cerebral artery
• anterior cerebral artery
• posterior cerebral artery
• striatal arteries of Circle of Willis

Question 25

What arteries supply blood to the spinal cord?

Answer 25

- anterior spinal artery | - posterior spinal artery

Question 26

What arteries supply the medulla?

Answer 26

- vertebral artery - anterior spinal artery - posterior spinal artery - posterior inferior cerebellar artery (PICA)

Question 27

What arteries supply the pons?

Answer 27

- basilar artery - paramedian branch of basilar artery - short circumferential branch of basilar artery - long circumferential branch of basilar artery - anterior inferior cerebellar artery (AICA)

Question 28

A lesion to the medullary blood supply results in what two pathologies?

Answer 28

- lateral medullary syndrome | - medial medullary syndrome

Question 29

A lesion to the pontine blood supply results in what?

Answer 29

facial paralysis and paralysis of the horizontal gaze

Question 30

What arteries supply blood to the midbrain?

Answer 30

- basilar artery bifurcation - superior cerebellar artery - posterior cerebellar artery

Question 31

What arteries supply the diencephalon and telencephalon?

Answer 31

ganglionic or striatal arteries of the Circle of Willis

Question 32

What vein empties into straight sinus and drains the subcortical structures?

Answer 32

Great vein of Galen