Blood Drugs, Sem 1 Flashcards
What is the mechanism of UFH?
Unfractionated heparin (UFH) acts as an anticoagulant by forming a complex with antithrombin (AT) catalysing the inhibition of several activated blood coagulation factors: thrombin (factor IIa), factor IXa, Xa, XIa and XIIa. (2,9,10,11,12)
What is the mechanism of LMWH ?
LMWH binds to anti-thrombin, and caused inhibition of activated factor Xa and prevents prothrombin to thrombin. Thus, thrombin cannot convert fibrinogen to fibrin strands and prevents clot formation.
Main indications of LMWH ?
Low-molecular-weight heparin (LMWH) is a class of anticoagulant medications. They are used in the prevention of blood clots and treatment of venous thromboembolism (deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism) and in the treatment of myocardial infarction.
Key Indication for UFH
Clinicians often choose to use IV UFH in preference to LMWH in specific clinical circumstances where medical or surgical procedures are likely to be performed and the short half-life of IV UFH allows for temporary cessation of anticoagulation and presumed reduction of bleeding risk during the procedure. Also used in treatment of ACS.
What is a DOAC ?
Direct Oral Anticoagulant
List 3 DOCA and what is the suffix of this class of drugs ?
Direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs)—dabigatran (Pradaxa), rivaroxaban (Xarelto), apixaban (Eliquis), edoxaban (Savaysa), and betrixaban (Bevyxxa) are anticoagulation pharmacotherapy used for the prevention of thrombosis in several cardiovascular contexts
Suffix: xaban and dabigatran (this one doesn’t follow the pattern)
What are the key Adverse effects of UFH ?
Bleeding, HIT (heparin induced thrombocytopenia - potential for formation of clots due to an immune response), thrombocytopenia.
What is Type II HIT ?
Type 2 HIT is an immune-mediated disorder that typically occurs 4-10 days after exposure to heparin and has life- and limb-threatening implications due to immune reaction to Heparin causing clots ….ex PE, DVT risks. …
DIRECT ORAL ANTICOAGULANCE act on what part of the Clotting Cascade ?
They Inhibit Thombin (IIa) so that it cannot convert Fibrinogen to Fibrin to form a clot.
Ticagrelor. What is it ? How does it work? What is it used for ?
It’s an ADP / P2Y12 Inhibitor - Antiplatelet Drug - used in ACS (also known as Brillinta) - It’s reversible, whereas Clopidogrel isn’t
List 3 Thrombolytics (Fibrinolytics)
The most commonly used clot-busting drugs – also known as thrombolytic agents – include: (they activate Plasmin from Plasminogen, in order to break down Fibrin)
r-PA Reteplase
rt-PA A;tplase
TNKase (tenecteplase)
….ends in …plase
What is XERALTO ? What is it mostly used for ? What does it inhibit ?
Its’ a DOAC (direct oral anticoagulant), also known as Rivaroxaban
Typically for A Fib, DVT
Inhibits Xa
What is Eliquis ? What’s it used for ? What does it bind ?
Its’ a DOAC (direct oral anticoagulant), also known as Apixaban
Typically for A Fib, DVT
Inhibits Xa
Apixaban = Eliquis and Rovaroxaban = Xarelto TRUE OR FALSE ?
TRUE
