Blood Disorders

Question 1

Anemia categories

Answer 1

Erythrocyte disorder (too few)

1. Blood Loss
2. Impaired Production
3. Hemolysis (destruction)

Question 2

Symptoms of all anemias

Answer 2

Increase CO and respiration rate

Fatigue, vertigo, headaches

Question 3

1. Blood Loss Anemia

Answer 3

ACUTE:

• Causes hypovolemia (restores 1-2 days)
• decreased platelets
• increased neutrophils w/ LEFT shift (increased BAND cells)
• morphology changes (anis, poik, macro, nucleated)

CHRONIC:

• delayed symptoms
• normocytic / hypochromic
• increased platelets
• leukopenia

Question 4

2. Impaired Production Anemia

Answer 4

IDA Iron Def Anemia

Megaloblastic Anemia (Pernicious A, FA A)

Question 5

Iron Deficiency Anemia

Answer 5

Loss exceeds intake and Fe stores depleted

Hypochromic + Microcytic

Growth spurt, gastrectomy, sprue = causes

Symptoms: paresthesia, burning tongue, cheilosis, pica, dysphagia, koilonychia

Blood = everything low, leukocytes normal

Question 6

3 Stages of Fe Deficient Anemia

Answer 6

1) Fe Depletion
2) Fe Deficiency Erythropoeisis
3) Fe Deficiency Anemia

Question 7

Megoblastic Anemia

Answer 7

FA or B12 Deficiency

• Macrocytic Ovalocytes + hypersegmented neutrophils

Question 8

B12 Deficiency

Answer 8

Maturation Factor

Present in Animal Tissue

Question 9

Pernicious Anemia

Answer 9

Manifestations: Glossitis, Cheilosis, Dyspnea, Abdomen pain, P+L demylination

• lack of intrinsic factor, which transfers B12, made by parietal cells
• cure = intramuscular injection

Question 10

FA Deficiency

Answer 10

• Diet - body only stores 3 month supply
• Rare in US due to high milk intake
• Alcoholism is a cause

Question 11

What is Aplastic Anemia?

Answer 11

Bone marrow and blood stem cells are damaged; unable to generate mature blood cells

Deficiency of ALL blood cell types (PANCYTOPENIA)

• RBC (anemia)
• WBC (leukopenia) –> infection risk
• Platelets (thrombocytopenia) –> bruising, hemorrhage, petechia

Question 12

Causes of Aplastic Anemia

Answer 12

50% idiopathic
Infection (Hep B, C)
SLE
Drugs

Question 13

Lab Findings for Aplastic Anemia

Answer 13

• Pancytopenia
• RBC = normal morph + anis + poik
• WBC = granulocyte decrease
• Serum Fe increased

Question 14

Sideroblastic Anemia

Answer 14

Bone marrow produces sideroblasts due to reduced hemoglobin synthesis

Causes:

• Genetic (X linked) = rare
• Acquired (myeloma, leukemias, RA, SLE)

Enlarged organs, leading to disease

LOTS of lab findings - sideroblasts, stippling, target, basophilic, anis, poik, ferritin

Question 15

Hemolytic Anemia

Answer 15

• ## Intravascular (in blood vessels) or Extravascular (elsewhere)