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UA > Blood Chemistry Testing > Flashcards

Blood Chemistry Testing Flashcards

1
Q

Purpose of testing blood gasses

A

Evaluate fxn of:

  • Lungs
  • Kidney
  • Blood
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2
Q

What are the arterial blood gases? (7)

A 
pH
PaCO2
PaO2
SaO2
HCO3
O2CT
Total C02
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3
Q

pH

A 
pH = [H+] in blood
Negative log (10x as much b/w levels)
Tight range for blood = 7.35-7.45
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4
Q

PaC02

A

partial pressure of C02
Low = NORMAL –> 35-45mm Hg
High = poor blood ventilation

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5
Q

Pa02

A

partial pressure of 02
HIGH in arterial (oxygenated) blood = 80-100mm Hg
Ability of lung to oxygenate blood

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6
Q

Sa02

A

saturation level of blood
% of carrying capacity of blood if all hemoglobin was saturated
94-100%

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7
Q

HCO3

A

crucial for maintenance of blood pH = kidneys job to control concentration
22-26 mEq/L

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8
Q

O2CT

A

Actual amount of 02 in blood

15-23%

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9
Q

Low Pa02 with 02CT, and

Sa02 with high PaC02

A

Not getting 02 into lungs

muscle weakness, airway obstruction, resp center obstruction

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10
Q

DECREASE in: Pa02, 02CT, Sa02

Normal PaC02

A

Insufficient oxygenation of the blood

pneumothorax, septal defect, interstitial fibrosis

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11
Q

LOW 02CT

Normal: Pa02, Sa02, PaC02

A

Severe anemia

blood cant carry 02 or decreased blood volume (ie: bleeding)

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12
Q

Total Carbon Dioxide

A

end of metabolism: CO2 flows out of RBC and dissolves in plasma as carbonic acid

measures all forms of C02 in plasma (most = HCO3)

Normal: 22-26 mEq/L

Test = acid base balancing ability

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13
Q

What are some electrolytes? (7)

A 
Na
K
Mg
PO3 (phosphate)
Ca
Cl
Anion Gap
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14
Q

Na = SODIUM

A

extracellular cation that maintains osmotic P

Controls body fluid level, membrane depolarization, acid base balance, regulates Cl and K

NORMAL: 135-145 mEq/L

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15
Q

[Na} and water

A 
decrease = more water lost
increase = more water absorbed
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16
Q

Hypernatremia

A

too much Na

  • Dehydration
  • Water loss exceeding Na loss: (Diabetes Insip, Kidney failure, vomit/diarrhea)
  • Increase retention: primary ALD, increased intake
17
Q

Hyponatremia

A

too little Na

  • Inadequate intake (rare)
  • Excessive Na loss: sweating, vomit/diarrhea, adrenal insuf, burns, chronic kidney disease)
18
Q

K = POTASSIUM

A

intracellular cation

repolarizes membranes

Disturbance = altered cardiac rhythms, neural impulse transmission, muscle contraction

NORMAL = 3.5-5 mEq/L (most IN the cells)

19
Q

Hyperkalemia

A

too much K

  • Diet
  • Intra to extra cellular shift
  • renal failure
  • MI
  • insulin def / ketoacidosis
20
Q

Hypokalemia

A

too little K

  • Vomit/Diarrhea
  • Diuretic use
  • too much ALD produced
  • GI / renal issue
  • insulin injection w/o supplementation
21
Q

Magnesium Mg

A

Crucial for enzymatic activation for DNA synthesis (nucleic acids + proteins)

Co-transports K & Na; Influences PTH and Ca = Most in BONE

NORMAL = 1.3-2.1 mg/dl

HIGH = renal failure...addisons disease  
LOW =  alcoholism, HPT, diuretics, ALDism, pancreaitis
22
Q

P03 = PHOSPHATE

A

store / utilize ATP

Ca regulator, Bone formation, RBC production

NORMAL = 2.7-4.5 mg/dl

23
Q

Hypophosphatemia

A

too little

Malnutrition, HPT, will suppress child growth

24
Q

Hyperphosphatemia

A

too much

Skeletal disease (acromegaly via tumor in pituitary)
Healing fx
hypoparathyroidism

25
Q

Ca = CALCIUM

A

1% BODY TOTAL IN BLOOD

40% ionized, 50% bound
— ionized = 8:1g ratio w/ serum albumin

NORMAL:

  • total = 8.2-10.2 mg/dl
  • ionized = 4.65-5.28mg/dl
26
Q

Hypercalcemia

A

too much

HPT, Pagets, MM, Mets, Fx

27
Q

Hypocalcemia

A

too little

Hypoparathyroidism, Malabsorption, excessive loss (Cushings)

28
Q

Cl = CHLORIDE

A

w/ Na to maintain osmotic P

regulates blood vol/P
Absorbed in intestines, Kidneys excrete

NORMAL = 100-108 mEq/L
— inversely related to HC03

29
Q

Hyperchloremia

A

too much

Severe dehydration (dehydration), hyperventilation

30
Q

Hypochloremia

A

too little

Assoc w/ low Na + K levels

Vomiting, addisons

31
Q

Anion Gap

A
  • reflects anion cation balance
  • tests: Na + Cl + HCO3
  • serum should be neutral

Na = 90% cation
Cl + PO3 = 85% anion

NORMAL = 8-14 mEq/L

32
Q

Normal Gap Acidosis

A

Loss of HC03
Renal absorption of Na & Cl increases

Gap remains constant but HCO3 buffer is lost

33
Q

High Gap Acidosis

A

Measured by increase in anions

Due to accumulation of metabolic acids (renal failure, ketoacidosis [starvation, DM, alcohol]

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