Blood Disorders Flashcards
anemia:
decrease in number of RBC or less than the normal quantity of hemoglobin in the blood
polycythemia:
associated with increased amount of RBC
3 main classes of anemia include:
1-excessive blood LOSS
2-deficien RBC PRODUCTION
3-excessive blood cell DESTRUCTION (hemolysis)
symptoms common to ALL anemia’s:
- weakness
- fatigue
- pallor
- malaise
- chest pain/heart attack
- yellow skin/eyes
- fainting
(blood loss anemia)
acute blood loss is caused by:
- trauma or surgery
- GI tract lesions
- gynecologic disturbances
- results in hypovolemia
- blood volume restored in 1-2 days
acute blood loss anemia hematology report:
- Decreased amount of platelets
- Increased neutrophils
- changes in RBC morphology
chronic blood loss anemia is caused by:
- menstruation
- fibroids in older women
- cancer
- angiodysplasia
chronic blood loss anemia hematology report:
- Elevated amount of platelets
- Leukopenia (decreased WBC)
- RBC: normocytic or microcytic, hypochromic
iron-deficiency anemia is a common anemia
(low red blood cell, or hemoglobin levels)
caused by:
- insufficient dietary intake of iron
- insufficient absorption of iron
- iron loss from chronic bleeding
- increased need (i.e. growth spurt)
clinical presentations of Iron Deficiency Anemia:
- sleepiness
- angular cheilitis
- mouth ulcers
- missed menstrual cycle
- koilonychia (spoon shaped nails)
- pica (craving non-food)
iron deficiency anemia hematology report:
-RBC’s are HYPOCHROMIC (MCH low) and MICROCYTIC (MCV low)
Megaloblastic Anemia:
an anemia of MACROCYTIC classification that results from defective DNA synthesis during RBC production, resulting in large cells with an arrest in nuclear maturation
Megaloblastic Anemia results from:
-vitamin B12 deficiency or Folic Acid deficiency
