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Clinical Microscopy > Blood Collection > Flashcards

Blood Collection Flashcards

0
Q

Antiglycolytic agent preserves glucose up to five days

A

Light gray

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1
Q

Gauges commonly used for blood collection

A 
Gauge 21 (green)
Gauge 23 (blue)
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2
Q

Disinfectants

A

70% isopropyl alcohol

Ethyl alcohol

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3
Q

The larger the needle, the _____ the bore,

A

smaller

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4
Q

Contains sodium heparin/lithium heparin

A

Dark green

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5
Q

Total blood volume

A

5 to 6 liters

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6
Q

Gauge used for blood donation

A

Gauge 18

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8
Q

Used when blood for culture is to be drawn

A

Povidone-iodine wipes/swabs

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9
Q

Non-additive tubes

A

Yellow-black
Red
Light blue

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10
Q

Coagulation tube

A

Light blue

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12
Q

Purpose of order of draw

A

To avoid cross-contamination of additives between tubes

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13
Q

Other term for evacuated collection tubes

A

Vacutainer tubes

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14
Q

Disadvantage of using 70% isopropyl alcohol

A

It can be hepatotoxic.

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14
Q

Collection tube

A

Patient’s full name
ID number
Date and time of collection
Phlebotomist’s initials

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15
Q

Contains sodium citrate

A

Light blue

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16
Q

Purpose of mixing tubes five to ten times

A

To avoid hemolysis

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17
Q

Plastic tubes order

A

Reverse PST and sodium heparin tube

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18
Q

Most commonly used in hematology

A

Purple top

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19
Q

Blood culture tube

A

Yellow-black

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20
Q

Separates serum from plasma

A

Serum Separator Tube

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21
Q

Forms calcium salts to remove calcium

A

Light blue

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22
Q

Composition of blood

A

45% formed elements

55% fluid

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22
Q

Used for CBC, blood cross matching, and blood culture

A

Serum Separator Tube

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23
Q

Additive tubes

A 
Red-gray/gold
Dark green
Light green
Lavender
Pale yellow 
Light gray
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24
Q

Uses of red-gray/gold tube

A

Blood chemistry
Immunology
Serology

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25
Q

It chelates calcium to prevent coagulation

A

Purple/lavender tube

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26
Q

It is the study of blood, blood-forming organs and blood diseases/abnormalities.

A

Hematology

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27
Q

It is never the first tube drawn

A

Coagulation tube

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28
Q

Serum separator tube with gel separator (blood from serum) by centrifugation and clot activator

A

Red-gray/gold

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31
Q

Uses of dark green tube

A

Determination of lithium level

Determination of ammonia level

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32
Q

Used to prevent contamination

A

Blood culture tubes

Non-additive tubes

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32
Q

It preserves viability of organisms

A

Yellow-black tube

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33
Q

Use of light green

A

Blood chemistry

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34
Q

Disadvantages of microsampling

A

Small amount of blood is obtained
Repeated determinations cannot be done
Likely to hemolyse
Time consuming

35
Q

Most commonly used in blood chemistry

A

Red top

36
Q

Use of light gray tube

A

Glucose

37
Q

Veins used in venipuncture

A

Median cephalic vein
Median basilic vein
Cephalic vein

38
Q

General guidelines in blood collection

A

1 Correct patient identification
2 Correct specimen identification
3 Wear gloves at all times
4 Select a suitable site for blood collection
5 Prepare the equipment, the patient, and the puncture site
6 Collect the sample in the appropriate container
7 Dispose sharp objects properly
8 Recognize complications
9 Assess the need for sample recollection/rejection
10 Label the collection tubes at bedside or the drawing area
11 Promptly send the specimens with the requisition form to the laboratory

39
Q

Use of purple/lavender tube

A 
Hematology (CBC) 
Blood bank (cross matching)
40
Q

Additive of pale yellow tube

A

Acid Citrate Dextrose

42
Q

Complement inactivation

A

Pale yellow tube

43
Q

Advantage of arterial puncture

A

Reflects oxygenation and acid-base status

44
Q

Protime and prothrombin time

A

Light blue

45
Q

Additive of yellow-black tube

A

Broth mixture

47
Q

10 mL tube

A

Yellow-black

48
Q

Microsampling technique could be used for:

A

1 infants less than 6 months
2 children when small amount of blood is needed
3 adults with poor veins or intravenous infusions
4 severely burned patients

49
Q

Essential elements of a requisition form

A 
1 Patient's full name
2 Patient's ID number
3 Patient's birth date and sex
4 Requesting physician's complete name
5 Source of specimen
6 Date and time of collection
7 Initials of the phlebotomist
8 The test/s requested
49
Q

Inactivates thrombin and thromboplastin

A

Dark green

50
Q

Impartial access to treatment or accommodation available or medically indicated, regardless of race, creed, sex, national origin, or sources of payment for care

A

Patient’s bill of rights

52
Q

Disadvantages of venipuncture

A 
Stasis causes hemoconcentration
Difficult to perform in children, obese, and shock patients
Hematoma and syncope
Thrombosis
Risk of infection
53
Q

Distance behind puncture site in which moderate pressure is applied

A

1 cm

55
Q

Blood collection using skin puncture

A

Microsampling technique

56
Q

Plasma separator tube that contains lithium heparin anticoagulant and gel separator

A

Light green

56
Q

Tubes that require full draw

A

Light blue
Purple/lavender
Light gray

57
Q

Factors affecting hemoconcentration

A

1 Prolonged tourniquet application
2 Massaging, squeezing or probing a site
3 Long-term IV therapy
4 Sclerosed or occluded veins

58
Q

Blood collection using veins as access

A

Venipuncture

59
Q

Additives of light gray tube

A

Sodium fluoride

Potassium oxalate

60
Q

Additive of purple/lavender tube

A

EDTA

60
Q

5 ml tubes

A

Light blue

Purple/lavender

63
Q

Location of the phlebotomy site for patients < 6 months

A

Heel of the foot

64
Q

Advantages of venipuncture

A

Large blood sample is obtained

Multiple and repeated exams may be performed

65
Q

Depth of puncture for heel of the foot

A

Not more than 2.6 mm

66
Q

Mixing of venous, arterial, and capillary blood

A

Microsampling

66
Q

Precautions in microsampling technique

A

Do not use the tip of the finger or the center of the finger
Avoid using the side of the finger
Index finger tends to have w thicker, callused skin
5th finger tends to have less soft tissue overlying the bone
Avoid puncturing a finger that is cold, cyanotic, swollen, scarred, or covered with rash
Do not use the thumb, big toe, and ear lobe as puncture site

67
Q

Location of the phlebotomy site for patients > 1 year old

A

Hands

68
Q

Location of veins used for venipuncture

A

Antecubital fossa

70
Q

Temperature for pre-warming an infant’s heel

A

42 C for 3 to 5 minutes

71
Q

Sites to be avoided when performing a venipuncture

A 
Extensive scars from burns and surgery
Upper extremity on the side of a previous mastectomy
Hematoma
Cannula/fistula/heparin lock
Edematous extremities
IV transfusions
72
Q

Used to measure oxygen, carbon dioxide, and pH of blood

A

Arterial puncture

73
Q

Arterial puncture sites

A

Brachial artery
Radial artery
Femoral artery

73
Q

Potential source of test error

A

Indwelling lines or catheter

74
Q

Uses of pale yellow tube

A

HLA tissue typing
Paternity testing
DNA studies

76
Q

Normal hemoconcentration value

A

0.35-0.45

77
Q

Advantages of microsampling

A

Easily accessible
Simple
Used for infants, children, critically ill, and obese

78
Q

Solution used to reduce the risk of thrombosis

A

Heparin

78
Q

Relationship of hemoconcentration and hematocrit

A

Direct

80
Q

Effects of prolonged tourniquet application

A

Hemoconcentration of non-filterable elements
Increase in total protein, aspartate aminotransferase (liver enzymes), total lipids, cholesterol, and iron
Affects packed cell volume and other cellular elements

81
Q

Exercise increases:

A

Creatine kinase
Aspartate aminotransferase
Lactate dehydrogenase
Platelet count

82
Q

What is hemoconcentration?

A

It is the increase in concentration of large molecules and formed elements in blood.

82
Q

Stress increases:

A 
WBCs
Adrenal hormones (cortisol and catecholamines)
82
Q

Analytes affected by posture

A 
Enzymes
Proteins
Lipids
Iron
Calcium
82
Q

Patient preparation factors

A 
1 Therapeutic drug monitoring
2 Exercise
3 Stress
4 Diurnal rhythms
5 Posture
6 Other factors (age, gender, pregnancy)
82
Q

Prophylactic agent for HIV

A

Zidovudine

83
Q

Disadvantages of arterial puncture

A 
Technically more difficult
Difficult to stop bleeding
Hematoma
Arterial spasm can cause blood flow problems
Considerable discomfort
Risk of infection

Clinical Microscopy (3 decks)

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