Blood Collection Flashcards
0
Q
Antiglycolytic agent preserves glucose up to five days
A
Light gray
1
Q
Gauges commonly used for blood collection
A
Gauge 21 (green) Gauge 23 (blue)
2
Q
Disinfectants
A
70% isopropyl alcohol
Ethyl alcohol
3
Q
The larger the needle, the _____ the bore,
A
smaller
4
Q
Contains sodium heparin/lithium heparin
A
Dark green
5
Q
Total blood volume
A
5 to 6 liters
6
Q
Gauge used for blood donation
A
Gauge 18
8
Q
Used when blood for culture is to be drawn
A
Povidone-iodine wipes/swabs
9
Q
Non-additive tubes
A
Yellow-black
Red
Light blue
10
Q
Coagulation tube
A
Light blue
12
Q
Purpose of order of draw
A
To avoid cross-contamination of additives between tubes
13
Q
Other term for evacuated collection tubes
A
Vacutainer tubes
14
Q
Disadvantage of using 70% isopropyl alcohol
A
It can be hepatotoxic.
14
Q
Collection tube
A
Patient’s full name
ID number
Date and time of collection
Phlebotomist’s initials
15
Q
Contains sodium citrate
A
Light blue
16
Q
Purpose of mixing tubes five to ten times
A
To avoid hemolysis
17
Q
Plastic tubes order
A
Reverse PST and sodium heparin tube
18
Q
Most commonly used in hematology
A
Purple top
19
Q
Blood culture tube
A
Yellow-black
20
Q
Separates serum from plasma
A
Serum Separator Tube
21
Q
Forms calcium salts to remove calcium
A
Light blue
22
Q
Composition of blood
A
45% formed elements
55% fluid
22
Q
Used for CBC, blood cross matching, and blood culture
A
Serum Separator Tube
23
Q
Additive tubes
A
Red-gray/gold Dark green Light green Lavender Pale yellow Light gray
24
Uses of red-gray/gold tube
Blood chemistry
Immunology
Serology
25
It chelates calcium to prevent coagulation
Purple/lavender tube
26
It is the study of blood, blood-forming organs and blood diseases/abnormalities.
Hematology
27
It is never the first tube drawn
Coagulation tube
28
Serum separator tube with gel separator (blood from serum) by centrifugation and clot activator
Red-gray/gold
31
Uses of dark green tube
Determination of lithium level
| Determination of ammonia level
32
Used to prevent contamination
Blood culture tubes
| Non-additive tubes
32
It preserves viability of organisms
Yellow-black tube
33
Use of light green
Blood chemistry
34
Disadvantages of microsampling
Small amount of blood is obtained
Repeated determinations cannot be done
Likely to hemolyse
Time consuming
35
Most commonly used in blood chemistry
Red top
36
Use of light gray tube
Glucose
37
Veins used in venipuncture
Median cephalic vein
Median basilic vein
Cephalic vein
38
General guidelines in blood collection
1 Correct patient identification
2 Correct specimen identification
3 Wear gloves at all times
4 Select a suitable site for blood collection
5 Prepare the equipment, the patient, and the puncture site
6 Collect the sample in the appropriate container
7 Dispose sharp objects properly
8 Recognize complications
9 Assess the need for sample recollection/rejection
10 Label the collection tubes at bedside or the drawing area
11 Promptly send the specimens with the requisition form to the laboratory
39
Use of purple/lavender tube
```
Hematology (CBC)
Blood bank (cross matching)
```
40
Additive of pale yellow tube
Acid Citrate Dextrose
42
Complement inactivation
Pale yellow tube
43
Advantage of arterial puncture
Reflects oxygenation and acid-base status
44
Protime and prothrombin time
Light blue
45
Additive of yellow-black tube
Broth mixture
47
10 mL tube
Yellow-black
48
Microsampling technique could be used for:
1 infants less than 6 months
2 children when small amount of blood is needed
3 adults with poor veins or intravenous infusions
4 severely burned patients
49
Essential elements of a requisition form
```
1 Patient's full name
2 Patient's ID number
3 Patient's birth date and sex
4 Requesting physician's complete name
5 Source of specimen
6 Date and time of collection
7 Initials of the phlebotomist
8 The test/s requested
```
49
Inactivates thrombin and thromboplastin
Dark green
50
Impartial access to treatment or accommodation available or medically indicated, regardless of race, creed, sex, national origin, or sources of payment for care
Patient's bill of rights
52
Disadvantages of venipuncture
```
Stasis causes hemoconcentration
Difficult to perform in children, obese, and shock patients
Hematoma and syncope
Thrombosis
Risk of infection
```
53
Distance behind puncture site in which moderate pressure is applied
1 cm
55
Blood collection using skin puncture
Microsampling technique
56
Plasma separator tube that contains lithium heparin anticoagulant and gel separator
Light green
56
Tubes that require full draw
Light blue
Purple/lavender
Light gray
57
Factors affecting hemoconcentration
1 Prolonged tourniquet application
2 Massaging, squeezing or probing a site
3 Long-term IV therapy
4 Sclerosed or occluded veins
58
Blood collection using veins as access
Venipuncture
59
Additives of light gray tube
Sodium fluoride
| Potassium oxalate
60
Additive of purple/lavender tube
EDTA
60
5 ml tubes
Light blue
| Purple/lavender
63
Location of the phlebotomy site for patients < 6 months
Heel of the foot
64
Advantages of venipuncture
Large blood sample is obtained
| Multiple and repeated exams may be performed
65
Depth of puncture for heel of the foot
Not more than 2.6 mm
66
Mixing of venous, arterial, and capillary blood
Microsampling
66
Precautions in microsampling technique
Do not use the tip of the finger or the center of the finger
Avoid using the side of the finger
Index finger tends to have w thicker, callused skin
5th finger tends to have less soft tissue overlying the bone
Avoid puncturing a finger that is cold, cyanotic, swollen, scarred, or covered with rash
Do not use the thumb, big toe, and ear lobe as puncture site
67
Location of the phlebotomy site for patients > 1 year old
Hands
68
Location of veins used for venipuncture
Antecubital fossa
70
Temperature for pre-warming an infant's heel
42 C for 3 to 5 minutes
71
Sites to be avoided when performing a venipuncture
```
Extensive scars from burns and surgery
Upper extremity on the side of a previous mastectomy
Hematoma
Cannula/fistula/heparin lock
Edematous extremities
IV transfusions
```
72
Used to measure oxygen, carbon dioxide, and pH of blood
Arterial puncture
73
Arterial puncture sites
Brachial artery
Radial artery
Femoral artery
73
Potential source of test error
Indwelling lines or catheter
74
Uses of pale yellow tube
HLA tissue typing
Paternity testing
DNA studies
76
Normal hemoconcentration value
0.35-0.45
77
Advantages of microsampling
Easily accessible
Simple
Used for infants, children, critically ill, and obese
78
Solution used to reduce the risk of thrombosis
Heparin
78
Relationship of hemoconcentration and hematocrit
Direct
80
Effects of prolonged tourniquet application
Hemoconcentration of non-filterable elements
Increase in total protein, aspartate aminotransferase (liver enzymes), total lipids, cholesterol, and iron
Affects packed cell volume and other cellular elements
81
Exercise increases:
Creatine kinase
Aspartate aminotransferase
Lactate dehydrogenase
Platelet count
82
What is hemoconcentration?
It is the increase in concentration of large molecules and formed elements in blood.
82
Stress increases:
```
WBCs
Adrenal hormones (cortisol and catecholamines)
```
82
Analytes affected by posture
```
Enzymes
Proteins
Lipids
Iron
Calcium
```
82
Patient preparation factors
```
1 Therapeutic drug monitoring
2 Exercise
3 Stress
4 Diurnal rhythms
5 Posture
6 Other factors (age, gender, pregnancy)
```
82
Prophylactic agent for HIV
Zidovudine
83
Disadvantages of arterial puncture
```
Technically more difficult
Difficult to stop bleeding
Hematoma
Arterial spasm can cause blood flow problems
Considerable discomfort
Risk of infection
```
