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Pathology I > Blood Coagulation > Flashcards

Blood Coagulation Flashcards

1
Q

Which pathway involves collagen fibers to be exposed to activate Clotting Factor XII?

A

Intrinsic pathway

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2
Q

Vitamin required to produce gut flora

A

Vitamin K

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3
Q

Organ that produces clotting factors

A

Liver

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4
Q

Tissue thromboplastin is released in which pathway?

A

Tissue thromboplastin is released in EXTRINSIC pathway

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5
Q

Intrinsic and extrinsic pathways both help activate which clotting factor?

A

Both intrinsic and extrinsic help activate Clotting Factor X/ Stuart-Prower Factor

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6
Q

Activation of Clotting Factor X helps continue the Clotting Cascade… what is the sequence?

A

CF X… CF 2… thrombin… CF I… fibrin

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7
Q

What ion is a necessary component of coagulation?

A

Calcium ion

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8
Q

AKA for platelets

A

Thrombocytes

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9
Q

What injection is given to patients with blood loss to help with blood clotting?

A

Calcium chloride injections help with blood clotting.

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10
Q

True or False: platelet activation occurs ONLY INSIDE injured blood vessels

A

True! Platelet activation only occurs INSIDE injured blood vessels

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11
Q

Exposure of ** of subendothelial cells of blood vessels starts the process of platelet activation

A

Exposure of COLLAGEN FIBERS of subendothelial cells of blood vessels to blood flow initiates the process of platelet activation.

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12
Q

Which factor activates and attaches itself to exposed collagen fibers to stop platelet movement?

A

VON WILLERBRAND FACTOR activates and attached itself to exposed collagen fibers to stop movement of platelets.

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13
Q

What are the results of clotting cascade and platelet activation?

A

Clotting Cascade- coagulation (blood clot)

Platelet Activation- platelet plug

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14
Q

What is stasis?

A

Results from platelet activation (platelet plug) AND coagulation (blood clot)

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15
Q

Where in relation to the blood vessels are blood clots and platelet plugs formed?

A

Blood clots- IN & OUT side the vessels

Platelet plug- ONLY formed IN side vessels

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16
Q

What do activated platelets release?

A
  1. ADP- promotes platelet activation
  2. Thrombocytes A2- vasoconstriction
  3. Growth factors- promote wound healing, fibroblast chemotaxis
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17
Q

3 components of the anticoagulation system?

A

Hemodynamics
Endothelial mediation
Fibrinolytic system

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18
Q

What’s that name of that factor?

A

Von Willebrand, you know it! 😉

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19
Q

What does endothelial mediation release to prevent to extra/excess platelet aggregation?

A

Endothelial Mediation releases PROSTACYCLIN (PGI2) to prevent extra/excess platelet aggregation

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20
Q

In the Fibrinolytic System, CF12 activates tissue PLASMINOGEN ACTIVATOR to help with……

A

Degradation of activated clotting factors!

21
Q

Pinpoint hemorrhages seen in scurvy rashes and decreased vitamin C in kids

A

Petechiae

22
Q

<2 cm hemorrhages seen in SLE, hemorrhagic vasculitis

A

Purpura

23
Q

> 2cm bruises “hicky”
Raccoon and Battle Sign
Cushing syndrome- overproduction is corticosteroids

A

Ecchymoses

24
Q

Hematoma

A

Leak blood into cavities

25
Q

What are the 4 bleeding disorders?

A

Petechiae
Purpura
Ecchymoses
Hematoma

26
Q

What are the 4 hemorrhagic disorders?

A

Thrombocytopenia
Vin Willebrand’s Disease
Hemophilia
Hemodynamics Disorders

27
Q

What is the blood count to be considered thrombocytopenia?

A

<100,000/mm^3

Normal platelet count: 250-300k

28
Q

Genetic autosomal hemorrhagic disease that may lead to hemorrhagic gastroduodenitis/Black stools?

A

Von Willebrand’s Disease

29
Q

Increased amount of blood loss during menstruation

A

Menorrhagia

30
Q

Manifestation from uterus cancer (not related to Von Willebrand’s Disease) that leads to a serious disorder resulting in blood loss between menstruation

A

Metorrhagia

31
Q

Hemorrhagic Disease where only the children may have disease and not the parents.
Von Willebrand Disease?
Hemophilia?

A

Hemophilia

32
Q

Gentle disorder with non-production of certain protein factors clotting factors.

A

Hemophilia, X chromosome linked

33
Q

Hemophilia A vs. Hemophilia B

A

A- non production of clotting factor VIII

B- Christmas Disease/ non production of clotting factor IX

34
Q

Hemoarthrosis is a common problem in what hemorrhagic disorder?

A

BOTH Hemophilia A & Hemophilia B

35
Q

Thrombosis arises from which hemorrhagic disorder that interrupts normal blood flow?

A

Hemodynamics Disorders

36
Q

Platelet activation and platelet aggregation without threat of blood loss or vascular damage; platelet plug without a blood clot

A

Thrombosis

37
Q

Blood clot vs. thrombus

A

Blood clot- formed inside and/or outside of a vessel

Thrombus- INSIDE blood vessel through Von Willebrand factor (platelet activation & platelet aggregation)

38
Q

Thrombus in the (arterial? OR venous?) system is dense, strong, firm, small (fast)

A

Thrombus in arterial system is dense strong, firm and small (fast)

39
Q

Thrombus in (arterial? Or venous?) system is loose weak, loose large (slow)

A

Thrombus in venous system is loose weak, large (slow)

40
Q

Lines of Zahn

A

Place layers composed of platelets mixed fibrin and dark layers of RBCs

41
Q

2 areas where thrombus with lines of Zahn can be formed

A

Heart, aorta

42
Q

2 factors predisposing to thrombosis

A
  1. Endothelial damage (hemodynamics stress- normal wear and tear)
  2. Hypertension (increase resistance of vascular wall… promotes endothelial damage)… arterial and venous
43
Q

Hypertension that promotes arterial endothelial damage

A
  1. Hemodynamics stress- normal wear and tear results in ARTERIOSCLEROSIS
  2. Atherosclerosis- plaque in arterial walls
44
Q

Venous endothelial damage may cause what kind of thrombosis?

A

Iatrogenic thrombosis- cause day medical care (IV lines, injections)

45
Q

Name 2 flow abnormalities

A
  1. Reduction rate of blood flow “complete stoppage” - STASIS

2. Turbulence

46
Q

Stasis May cause what?

A

Reduction rate of blood flow or complete stoppage… reduce rate of flow an disrupts axial blood flow

47
Q

What may cause a reduction in blood flow in the arterial system?

A
  1. CARDIAC DAMAGE- necrosis in heart muscle, myocardial infarction, rheumatic heart disease
  2. INCREASED BLOOD VISCOSITY- psoriatic arthritis, polycythemia
48
Q

What may cause a reduction of blood flow in the venous system?

A
  1. PHYSICAL INACTIVITY

2. VARICOSE VEINS

Pathology I (4 decks)

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