Blood Coagulation Flashcards by Princess Benedicto

Which pathway involves collagen fibers to be exposed to activate Clotting Factor XII?

Intrinsic pathway

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Vitamin required to produce gut flora

Vitamin K

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Organ that produces clotting factors

Liver

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Tissue thromboplastin is released in which pathway?

Tissue thromboplastin is released in EXTRINSIC pathway

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Intrinsic and extrinsic pathways both help activate which clotting factor?

Both intrinsic and extrinsic help activate Clotting Factor X/ Stuart-Prower Factor

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Activation of Clotting Factor X helps continue the Clotting Cascade… what is the sequence?

CF X… CF 2… thrombin… CF I… fibrin

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What ion is a necessary component of coagulation?

Calcium ion

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AKA for platelets

Thrombocytes

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What injection is given to patients with blood loss to help with blood clotting?

Calcium chloride injections help with blood clotting.

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True or False: platelet activation occurs ONLY INSIDE injured blood vessels

True! Platelet activation only occurs INSIDE injured blood vessels

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Exposure of ** of subendothelial cells of blood vessels starts the process of platelet activation

Exposure of COLLAGEN FIBERS of subendothelial cells of blood vessels to blood flow initiates the process of platelet activation.

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Which factor activates and attaches itself to exposed collagen fibers to stop platelet movement?

VON WILLERBRAND FACTOR activates and attached itself to exposed collagen fibers to stop movement of platelets.

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What are the results of clotting cascade and platelet activation?

Clotting Cascade- coagulation (blood clot)

Platelet Activation- platelet plug

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What is stasis?

Results from platelet activation (platelet plug) AND coagulation (blood clot)

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Where in relation to the blood vessels are blood clots and platelet plugs formed?

Blood clots- IN & OUT side the vessels

Platelet plug- ONLY formed IN side vessels

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What do activated platelets release?

ADP- promotes platelet activation
Thrombocytes A2- vasoconstriction
Growth factors- promote wound healing, fibroblast chemotaxis

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3 components of the anticoagulation system?

Hemodynamics
Endothelial mediation
Fibrinolytic system

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What’s that name of that factor?

Von Willebrand, you know it! 😉

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What does endothelial mediation release to prevent to extra/excess platelet aggregation?

Endothelial Mediation releases PROSTACYCLIN (PGI2) to prevent extra/excess platelet aggregation

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In the Fibrinolytic System, CF12 activates tissue PLASMINOGEN ACTIVATOR to help with……

Degradation of activated clotting factors!

Pinpoint hemorrhages seen in scurvy rashes and decreased vitamin C in kids

Petechiae

<2 cm hemorrhages seen in SLE, hemorrhagic vasculitis

Purpura

> 2cm bruises “hicky”
Raccoon and Battle Sign
Cushing syndrome- overproduction is corticosteroids

Ecchymoses

Hematoma

Leak blood into cavities

What are the 4 bleeding disorders?

Petechiae Purpura Ecchymoses Hematoma

What are the 4 hemorrhagic disorders?

Thrombocytopenia Vin Willebrand’s Disease Hemophilia Hemodynamics Disorders

What is the blood count to be considered thrombocytopenia?

<100,000/mm^3 Normal platelet count: 250-300k

Genetic autosomal hemorrhagic disease that may lead to hemorrhagic gastroduodenitis/Black stools?

Von Willebrand’s Disease

Increased amount of blood loss during menstruation

Menorrhagia

Manifestation from uterus cancer (not related to Von Willebrand’s Disease) that leads to a serious disorder resulting in blood loss between menstruation

Metorrhagia

Hemorrhagic Disease where only the children may have disease and not the parents. Von Willebrand Disease? Hemophilia?

Hemophilia

Gentle disorder with non-production of certain protein factors clotting factors.

Hemophilia, X chromosome linked

Hemophilia A vs. Hemophilia B

A- non production of clotting factor VIII B- Christmas Disease/ non production of clotting factor IX

Hemoarthrosis is a common problem in what hemorrhagic disorder?

BOTH Hemophilia A & Hemophilia B

Thrombosis arises from which hemorrhagic disorder that interrupts normal blood flow?

Hemodynamics Disorders

Platelet activation and platelet aggregation without threat of blood loss or vascular damage; platelet plug without a blood clot

Thrombosis

Blood clot vs. thrombus

Blood clot- formed inside and/or outside of a vessel Thrombus- INSIDE blood vessel through Von Willebrand factor (platelet activation & platelet aggregation)

Thrombus in the (arterial? OR venous?) system is dense, strong, firm, small (fast)

Thrombus in arterial system is dense strong, firm and small (fast)

Thrombus in (arterial? Or venous?) system is loose weak, loose large (slow)

Thrombus in venous system is loose weak, large (slow)

Lines of Zahn

Place layers composed of platelets mixed fibrin and dark layers of RBCs

2 areas where thrombus with lines of Zahn can be formed

Heart, aorta

2 factors predisposing to thrombosis

1. Endothelial damage (hemodynamics stress- normal wear and tear) 2. Hypertension (increase resistance of vascular wall... promotes endothelial damage)... arterial and venous

Hypertension that promotes arterial endothelial damage

1. Hemodynamics stress- normal wear and tear results in ARTERIOSCLEROSIS 2. Atherosclerosis- plaque in arterial walls

Venous endothelial damage may cause what kind of thrombosis?

Iatrogenic thrombosis- cause day medical care (IV lines, injections)

Name 2 flow abnormalities

1. Reduction rate of blood flow “complete stoppage” - STASIS | 2. Turbulence

Stasis May cause what?

Reduction rate of blood flow or complete stoppage... reduce rate of flow an disrupts axial blood flow

What may cause a reduction in blood flow in the arterial system?

1. CARDIAC DAMAGE- necrosis in heart muscle, myocardial infarction, rheumatic heart disease 2. INCREASED BLOOD VISCOSITY- psoriatic arthritis, polycythemia

What may cause a reduction of blood flow in the venous system?

1. PHYSICAL INACTIVITY | 2. VARICOSE VEINS