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Life Sciences Grade 10 > Blood Circulation System (page 148-155, 158-160) > Flashcards

Blood Circulation System (page 148-155, 158-160) Flashcards

DIAGRAMNS MUST BE LEARNT OUT OF TEXTBOOK/WORKBOOK

1
Q

circulatory system

A

system that circulates fluids through the body

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2
Q

closed circulatory system

A

circulatory system in which blood is confined to vessels

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3
Q

pulmonary circulatory system

A

system that carries blood from the heart to the lungs and back

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4
Q

systemic circulatory system

A

system carries blood from the heart to the body and back

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5
Q

apex

A

bottom section of the heart, slightly pointy

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6
Q

pericardium

A

double membrane that surrounds the heart

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7
Q

cardiac

A

relating to the heart

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8
Q

coronary blood vessel

A

blood vessel that supplies the heart muscle with blood

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9
Q

open circulatory system

A

blood pumped by the heart travels through blood vessels. blood goes directly to the cells and is returned by different mechanisms

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10
Q

what animals have closed circulatory system

A

mammals (majority animals)

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11
Q

how does blood flow through tissues

A

tissues well supplied with blood vessels. substances diffuse from blood into body cells that make up tissues. move across walls of capillaries (smallest blood vessels). oxygen and food travel to and diffuse into the body cells, carbon dioxide and waste products leave tissues and diffuse back into blood

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12
Q

why is a close circulatory system efficient

A

movement of blood to the different tissues can be easily controlled

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13
Q

what are humans two circulatory systems

A

pulmonary and systemic, means blood passes through our body twice in one circuit

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14
Q

heart

A

muscular organ that pumps blood through blood vessels to al parts of the body, size of clenched fist, first organ to develop/work while embryo

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15
Q

where is the heart found

A

middle of the thorax, between lungs and underneath the breastbone, slightly towards left

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16
Q

what surrounds the heart

A

double membrane known as pericardium, fluid between two membranes which reduces friction as hearth contracts and relaxes

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17
Q

what is the hearth made of

A

cardiac muscle

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18
Q

what is on the surface of the heart

A

blood vessels that supply the heart muscle with blood called coronary blood vessels

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19
Q

what happens if blockages occur in coronary blood vessels

A

heart starved of oxygen and nutrients and can result heart attack

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20
Q

atria

A

upper chambers of heart

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21
Q

ventricles

A

lower chambers of heart

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22
Q

septum

A

muscular wall that separates the left and right side of heart

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23
Q

atrioventricular valves

A

heart valves found between atria and the ventricles, cuspid valves

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24
Q

tricuspid valves

A

valve found between the right atrium and ventricle

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25
Q

bicuspid valves

A

valve found between left atrium and ventricle

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26
Q

why is the heart a double pump

A

left and right sides are separated from each other by a muscular wall called the septum

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27
Q

is there mixing of oxygenated and deoxygenated blood

A

no, right side low oxygen content (deoxygenated) and left side oxygen-rich blood (oxygenated)

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28
Q

where are semi-lunar valves found

A

base of two major arteries that carry blood away from heart

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29
Q

what are the major blood vessels associated with the heart

A

venae cavae (superior vena cava and inferior vena cava), pulmonary veins, aorta, pulmonary artery

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30
Q

explain how blood flows through the heart

A

1.deoxygenated blood from the body enter right atrium via inferior vena cava and superior vena cava.
2.blood flows via tricuspid valve into the right ventricle.
3.blood leaves heart via pulmonary artery and travels to lungs.
4. blood oxygenated in the lungs.
5.oxygenated blood returns left atrium of the heart via pulmonary veins.
6.blood flows via bicuspid valve into left ventricle.
7.aorta carries oxygenated blood to the body.

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31
Q

inferior vena cava

A

vein carries lower from lower parts of body to the heart

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32
Q

superior vena cava

A

vein carries blood from upper parts of body to the heart

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33
Q

pulmonary artery

A

artery carries deoxygenated blood from the heart to the lungs

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34
Q

pulmonary vein

A

vein carries oxygenated blood from lungs to the heart

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35
Q

aorta

A

main artery that carries blood away from heart

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36
Q

cuspid valve

A

valve lies between atrium and ventricle in the heart

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37
Q

semi-lunar valves (pocket valves)

A

valves found inside the aorta and pulmonary artery

38
Q

how do the cuspid valves function

A
  • when blood flows from atrium into ventricle, valve pushed open and flattened against inside of the heart wall
    -as ventricle contracts, blood forced into cusps which are small, membrane-like flaps of the valve
    -cusps trap the blood and valve closes
    -valve tendons keep cusp firmly in position, preventing blood from entering atrium
39
Q

what are papillae

A

points where valve tendons are attached to heart wall

40
Q

how do semi-lunar valves function

A

-as ventricles contract, blood leaves heart, forcing valves open
-valve open, lies flat against inside of artery wall
-heart relaxes, blood does not flow back into heart because valve closes as valve pockets filled with blood

41
Q

cardiac cycle

A

contraction and relaxation of the cardiac muscle during one heart beat

42
Q

atrial systole

A

contraction of atria during cardiac cycle

43
Q

ventricular systole

A

contraction of ventricles during cardiac cycle

44
Q

diastole

A

phase of the heart beat when the heart muscle is relaxed

45
Q

what is the average heartbeat

A

70 beats per minute

46
Q

how long does a cardiac cycle last

A

0.8 seconds

47
Q

what is the order of the cardiac cycle

A
  1. atrial systole
  2. ventricular systole
  3. diastole
48
Q

what occurs during the atrial systole

A

-lasts 0.1 seconds
-atria contract
-blood vessels carry blood into atria constrict
-blood pushed from atria into ventricles via bicuspid and tricuspid valves

49
Q

what occurs during the ventricular systole

A

-last 0.3 seconds
-ventricles contract
-increased pressure inside ventricles causes the cuspid valves to close
-blood leaves heart via aorta and pulmonary arteries

50
Q

what occurs during the general diastole

A

-lasts 0.4 seconds
-heart relaxes
-pulmonary and aortic valves close which prevents blood flowing back into the heart
-blood enter atria via venae cavae and pulmonary veins
-cuspid valves open so blood trickles into ventricles

51
Q

what does the cardiac cycle ensure

A

blood flows in one direction through the heart making it pump blood efficiently through the body

52
Q

oxygenated blood

A

blood that is rich in oxygen

53
Q

deoxygenated blood

A

blood with low oxygen content and high levels of carbon dioxide

54
Q

what does the pulmonary circulatory system do

A

carries blood between the heart and lungs.

55
Q

explain how pulmonary circulatory system works

A

deoxygenated blood carried from right side of heart to lungs via pulmonary artery. at lungs carbon dioxide leaves blood and we breathe it out. oxygen we breathe in, enters blood. oxygenated blood travels back to left side of the heart in pulmonary veins

56
Q

what does the systemic circulatory system do

A

carries blood between heart and the body

57
Q

explain how systemic circulatory system works

A

-oxygenated blood carried from left side of the heart in aorta.
-blood supplies oxygen and nutrients to body cells
-different organs of the body are supplied with blood via specific blood vessels (named according to organ enter/leave)
-carbon dioxide and waste products move from cells of the body into the blood
-deoxygenated blood then travels back to right side heart via superior vena cava and inferior vena cava

58
Q

artery

A

blood vessel carries blood away from heart

59
Q

endothelium

A

layer of endothelium lining blood vessels

60
Q

pulse

A

contraction and relaxation of arteries each time heart beats

61
Q

capillary

A

tiny blood vessels that links arterioles to venules

62
Q

vein

A

blood vessels carrying blood towards heart

63
Q

arteriole

A

branch of an artery

64
Q

venule

A

branch of a vein

65
Q

what are the 3 layers of arteries

A
  1. outer fibrous layer
  2. middle layer made of elastics and muscular tissue
  3. inner layer (endothelium)
66
Q

explain how blood travels through arteries

A

-under high pressure
-heart beats, blood forced into artery, causing elastic, muscular wall to stretch and bulge
-bulging is the pulse

67
Q

what is the only artery carries deoxygenated blood

A

pulmonary artery

68
Q

what does a capillary consist of

A

small layer endothelium

69
Q

how do capillaries function

A

-form network that branches between cells
-blood cells squeeze along them single file
-slows down blood flow rate allowing exchange of substances between blood and surrounding tissue cells
-substances move across walls of capillaries
-oxygen and nutrients move from blood to cells
-carbon dioxide and waste products move from body cells into blood
-white blood cells squeeze out capillaries to destroy germs

70
Q

3 layers of a vein

A
  1. outer fibrous layer
  2. elastics, muscular middle layer
  3. inner endothelium
71
Q

how does a vein function

A

-blood flows through veins low pressure
-valves found inside veins prevent backflow of blood

72
Q

which vein carries oxygenated blood

A

pulmonary vein

73
Q

how do the blood vessels link

A

-blood leaves heart in arteries
-arteries divide arterioles then into capillaries
-capillaries rejoin and form venules
-venules combine and form veins return blood to the heart

74
Q

plasma

A

liquid part of blood

75
Q

red blood cells (erthrocytes)

A

disc-shaped, biconcave cells found in the blood which carry respiratory gases

76
Q

white blood cells (leucocytes)

A

cells that travel in the blood and fight infections

77
Q

platelets

A

blood proteins that help ith blood clotting

78
Q

percentage of liquid plasma

A

55%

79
Q

description of liquid plasma

A

clear, yellowish liquid, 95% water

80
Q

functions of liquid plasma

A

-carries blood cells and other substances around body
-eg. sugars, fats, proteins, blood-clotting factors, vitamins, minerals, hormones, enzymes antibodies

81
Q

percentage of red blood cells

A

40-50%

82
Q

description of red blood cells

A

disc-shaped biconcave cells no nucleus

83
Q

function of red blood cells

A

-contains pigment called haemoglobin which carries oxygen and carbon dioxide around bodies
-biconcave shape creates large surface area for gaseous exchange

84
Q

percentage of white blood cells

A

1%

85
Q

description of white blood cells

A

large cells with nuclei and have unusual shapes

86
Q

functions of white blood cells

A

-various roles immune response
-protect bodies by destroying foreign cells (bacteria and viruses)
-gets rid of dead or dying blood cells and foreign matter (dirt - couldve entered blood through open wounds)

87
Q

percentage of platelets

A

<1%

88
Q

description of platelets

A

cell fragments that lack nucleus

89
Q

functions of platelets

A

-clot blood form scabs (along blood clotting factors)
-fight infection by releasing chemicals destroy bacteria

90
Q

3 functions of blood

A
  1. carry substance from one part of the body to another
  2. plays important role in fighting disease and infection
  3. blood helps control and regulate body tempreture

Life Sciences Grade 10 (10 decks)

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