Blood Chapter 17 Flashcards
Erythrocytes are?
Red blood cells that transport oxygen.
Erythro = red
Cytes = cells
Leukocytes are?
Platelets are?
They are white blood cells that act in various ways to protect the body.
Leuko = white Cytes = cell
Platelets are cell fragments that help stop bleeding.
Amount of erythrocytes in males and females?
Males are 47% +- 5%
Females 42% +- 5%
Oxygen rich color are?
Oxygen poor color are ?
Scarlet = a bright red
Dark red
Blood function are
1) Distributing substances
2) regulating blood levels of particular substances
3) protecting the body.
Function of distribution blood?
1) Delivers oxygen from the lungs and nutrients from the digestive tract to all body cells.
2) transports metabolic waste products from cells to the lungs to eliminate CO2, and to kidneys to dispose nitrogenous waste in urine.
3) transports hormones from the endocrine organs to their target organs.
Regulation functions of blood include?
1) Maintaining body temperatures by absorbing and distributing heat throughout the body.
2) maintains normal pH in body tissues
3) maintaining adequate fluid volume in the circulatory system!
Protection functions of blood include?
1) Preventing blood loss.
- plasma proteins and platelets initiate clot formation.
2) preventing infection
- antibodies, complement proteins, white blood cells.
How much does albumin accounts for in plasma proteins and what is it produced by?
60% and produced by the liver.
Which of the formed elements are true cells?
White blood cells are complete cells.
Erythrocytes have no nuclei or organelles so no
Platelets are cell fragments so no.
What are the Formed element features?
Most of the formed elements survive in the blood stream for only a few days.
Most blood cells do not divide. Instead stem cells divide continuously in red bone marrow to replace them.
What do antioxidant enzymes do in the blood?
They rid the body of harmful oxygen radicals.
Hemoglobin meaning?
A protein that makes the red blood cells red, bonds easily and reversible with oxygen!
Heme = red Globin = protein
Functions of erythrocytes?
Transport respiratory gases ( oxygen and CO2)
Hemoglobin consists of?
Four polypeptides chains that are 2 alpha and two beta each binding to a ring like heme.
What does hemoglobin transport?
It can transport four molecules of oxygen Becuz each iron atom can combine reversible with one molecule of oxygen.
Why is hemoglobin contained in erythrocytes and not free plasma?
Becuz it prevents from breaking into fragments that would leak out the blood stream.
- from making blood more viscous and raising osmotic pressure.
What occurs in oxygen loading?
It occurs in the lungs and transports from the lungs to tissue cells,
Oxygen deficient blood moves through the lungs - oxygen diffuses from the air sacks of the lungs into the blood and than to the erythrocytes where it binds to hemoglobin.
What happens when oxygen binds to iron?
The hemoglobin is now called the oxyhemoglobin assumes a new 3 dimensional shape and becomes ruby red.
The process of Oxygen blood in body tissues?
In body tissues, process is reversed, - Oxygen detaches from iron - hemoglobin resumes its former shape Deoxyhemoglobin occurs becomes dark red. -released oxygen diffuses from the blood into the tissue fluid and then into tissue cells.
Hematopoiesis meaning?
Hemato = blood Poiesis = to make
Blood cell formation
Where does hematopoiesis occur?
Occurs in the red bone marrow which is composed of a soft network of reticular connective tissue bordering on wide blood capillaries called. Blood sinusoids.
Where is red marrow found in adults?
In the bones of the axial skeleton and girdles and in the proximal epiphysis of the humerus and femur.
Blood components
Blood is the only fluid tissue in the body.
It has both cellular and liquid components.
Living blood cells called formed elements are suspended in a nonliving fluid matrix called plasma.
