Blood Chapter 17

Question 1

Erythrocytes are?

Answer 1

Red blood cells that transport oxygen.

Erythro = red

Cytes = cells

Question 2

Leukocytes are?

Platelets are?

Answer 2

They are white blood cells that act in various ways to protect the body.

Leuko = white
Cytes = cell

Platelets are cell fragments that help stop bleeding.

Question 3

Amount of erythrocytes in males and females?

Answer 3

Males are 47% +- 5%

Females 42% +- 5%

Question 4

Oxygen rich color are?

Oxygen poor color are ?

Answer 4

Scarlet = a bright red

Dark red

Question 5

Blood function are

Answer 5

1) Distributing substances
2) regulating blood levels of particular substances
3) protecting the body.

Question 6

Function of distribution blood?

Answer 6

1) Delivers oxygen from the lungs and nutrients from the digestive tract to all body cells.
2) transports metabolic waste products from cells to the lungs to eliminate CO2, and to kidneys to dispose nitrogenous waste in urine.
3) transports hormones from the endocrine organs to their target organs.

Question 7

Regulation functions of blood include?

Answer 7

1) Maintaining body temperatures by absorbing and distributing heat throughout the body.
2) maintains normal pH in body tissues
3) maintaining adequate fluid volume in the circulatory system!

Question 8

Protection functions of blood include?

Answer 8

1) Preventing blood loss.
- plasma proteins and platelets initiate clot formation.

2) preventing infection
- antibodies, complement proteins, white blood cells.

Question 9

How much does albumin accounts for in plasma proteins and what is it produced by?

Answer 9

60% and produced by the liver.

Question 10

Which of the formed elements are true cells?

Answer 10

White blood cells are complete cells.

Erythrocytes have no nuclei or organelles so no

Platelets are cell fragments so no.

Question 11

What are the Formed element features?

Answer 11

Most of the formed elements survive in the blood stream for only a few days.

Most blood cells do not divide. Instead stem cells divide continuously in red bone marrow to replace them.

Question 12

What do antioxidant enzymes do in the blood?

Answer 12

They rid the body of harmful oxygen radicals.

Question 13

Hemoglobin meaning?

Answer 13

A protein that makes the red blood cells red, bonds easily and reversible with oxygen!

Heme = red 
Globin = protein

Question 14

Functions of erythrocytes?

Answer 14

Transport respiratory gases ( oxygen and CO2)

Question 15

Hemoglobin consists of?

Answer 15

Four polypeptides chains that are 2 alpha and two beta each binding to a ring like heme.

Question 16

What does hemoglobin transport?

Answer 16

It can transport four molecules of oxygen Becuz each iron atom can combine reversible with one molecule of oxygen.

Question 17

Why is hemoglobin contained in erythrocytes and not free plasma?

Answer 17

Becuz it prevents from breaking into fragments that would leak out the blood stream.
- from making blood more viscous and raising osmotic pressure.

Question 18

What occurs in oxygen loading?

Answer 18

It occurs in the lungs and transports from the lungs to tissue cells,
Oxygen deficient blood moves through the lungs - oxygen diffuses from the air sacks of the lungs into the blood and than to the erythrocytes where it binds to hemoglobin.

Question 19

What happens when oxygen binds to iron?

Answer 19

The hemoglobin is now called the oxyhemoglobin assumes a new 3 dimensional shape and becomes ruby red.

Question 20

The process of Oxygen blood in body tissues?

Answer 20

In body tissues, process is reversed, 
- Oxygen detaches from iron
- hemoglobin resumes its former shape
Deoxyhemoglobin occurs becomes dark red.
-released oxygen diffuses from the blood into the tissue fluid and then into tissue cells.

Question 21

Hematopoiesis meaning?

Answer 21

Hemato = blood
Poiesis = to make 

Blood cell formation

Question 22

Where does hematopoiesis occur?

Answer 22

Occurs in the red bone marrow which is composed of a soft network of reticular connective tissue bordering on wide blood capillaries called. Blood sinusoids.

Question 23

Where is red marrow found in adults?

Answer 23

In the bones of the axial skeleton and girdles and in the proximal epiphysis of the humerus and femur.

Question 24

Blood components

Answer 24

Blood is the only fluid tissue in the body.
It has both cellular and liquid components.
Living blood cells called formed elements are suspended in a nonliving fluid matrix called plasma.

Question 25

1) Why does tissue hypoxia occur?

2) Why does blood viscosity increase?

Answer 25

1) too few red blood cells

2) to many red blood cells

Question 26

Anemia is what?

Answer 26

A condition in which the bloods oxygen carrying capacity is to low to support normal metabolism.

Question 27

Hemorrhagic anemia is?

Chronic hemorrhagic anemia is?

Answer 27

1) Blood lose rapid

2) slight but persistent blood loss ( bleeding ulcers)

Question 28

Iron deficiency anemia?

Answer 28

Caused by hemorrhagic anemia, low iron intake or impaired absorption

Question 29

Pernicious anemia?

Answer 29

Autoimmune disease- Destroys stomach mucosa

Question 30

1) Renal anemia?
2) aplastic anemia
3) hemolytic anemias

Answer 30

1) Lack of EPO
2) destruction or inhibition of red marrow by drugs, chemicals, radiation, virsus
3) premature red blood cell lysis

Question 31

What are the 2 causes of the erythrocytes disorders

1) polycythemia Vera
2) secondary polycythemia

Answer 31

1) bone marrow cancer (excess red blood cells)

2) less oxygen available or EPO production increases