blood cell physiology Flashcards
white cells: explain the origin and function of white cells and recall their intravascular life span, including neutrophils, monocytes, eosinophils and lymphocytes
myeloid stem cell to granulocytes and monocytes maturation pathway
myeloid stem cell -> myeloblast and monoblast -> granulocytes and monocytes
what 2 groups of chemical signallers are needed for maturation of myeloid stem cell to granulocytes and monocytes (determine route of differentiation)
cytokines and interleukins
3 cytokines needed for maturation of myeloid stem cell to granulocytes and monocytes
G-CSF. GM-CSF, M-CSF
granulocyte maturation: features of cells as maturing
primary granules and nucleus -> secondary granules which determine type of white cell -> indented nucleus -> changes in nucleus shape as deforms into band form, then segments
3 types of granulocytes derived from myeloid stem cells
neutrophil, eosinophil, basophil
how long does the neutrophil granulocyte survive in circulation before migrating to tissues
7-10 hours; short-lived cell in circulation and tissues
main function of neutrophil
defence against infection; it phagocytoses and then kills micro-organisms
how does a neutrophil migrate into tissues (physiology)
circulating (free-flowing in circulation) and marginating (adherent to endothelium) pool: circulation -> adhesion and margination -> rolling -> diapedesis through capillary endothelium -> migration using chemotaxis -> phagocytosis
colour in dye and duration of time eosinophil spent in circulation vs neutrophil
pink; less time
main function of eosinophil
defence against parasitic infection
colour of granules in dye and function of basophils
purple granules; role in allergic response
how long do monocytes derived from myeloid stem cells spend in circulation; 4 features of structure of monocytes
several days; lobulated nucleus, plentiful cytoplasm with many granules, vacuole
what do monocytes turn into when they migrate into tissues
macrophages/histiocytes
functions of macrophages
phagocytic and scavenging function, also store and release iron (ingests nuclei and Hb of dead red cells in spleen)
what 3 types of cells are derived from lymphoid stem cells; which 2 are cytotoxic large granular lymphocyte
T cell, B cell, natural killer cell; cytotoxic T cell and natural killer cell