Blood — Cell Anatomy + Functions Flashcards
1
Q
Blood
- composition
- m v f
- % body weight
A
- composed of LIQUID + SOLID parts
»_space;55% plasma vs 45% cells (RBC/WBC/platelets) - women have less than men. 5 vs 6 liters
- 8% of body weight (Integ system 15%)
2
Q
maids (9)
Functions of Blood
A
- maintain homeostasis #maids
- Nags = Speeds you up = Enzymes/RXNs
- Food = Carries nutrients to cells
- Cleans = takes away waste (CO2) interstitial fluid
- Brings you calls = Transports hormones = communication b/n organs
- Air Freshner = Maintains stable smell conditions = doesn’t allow pH to be <7.35 or >7.45
- Brings you blankets = regulates your temp.
- hydrates you = osmosis. regulates water content of cells through Na+ ions
- heals you = clotting mechanism
- protects you from strangers = or against foreign microorganisms + toxins
3
Q
Erythrocytes
- appearance
- composition
- characteristics
- life span
- functions
- % in blood
A
– biconcave disks (like doughnut). no nucleus. Simple.
– protein network a.k.a. stroma. cytoplasm. Lipids: cholesterol, hemoglobin.
– hemoglobin one third of cell. do not divide because no nucleus.
– 120 days
– Combine with oxygen in lungs. Transport it to tissues. Combine with CO2. Transport it to lungs.
— 95% of cells in blood are RBCs
4
Q
Hemoglobin
– what is it – composition – function + location – appearance – prevalence in gender + why
A
– pigment in RBC
– Globin = protein. Hemo = pigment.
– hemo: binds with oxygen (b/c of 4 iron molecules) / globin = binds with CO2
– O2 found in lungs. Transported to cell/tissues. CO2 found in interstitial fluid. Carried to lungs
– hemoglobin w/ oxygen: bright red ; hemoglobin w/o oxygen: dark red
– unit: # RBC (in millions) per mm3 / Men: 5.4 / Women: 4.8 (menstruation 👉🏼 need more iron)
5
Q
Leukocytes
- what are they
- etymology + why
- function
- broad types
- appearance + characteristic
- main forms of attack
- % in blood
A
- cells found swimming in blood
- Leuko=white. Because no pigment. But YES nucleus
- immune system: combat inflammation + infection
- Wright’s stain: granulosa/no granulosa
- larger than WBC / can leave blood into tissues
- ameboid movement -> phagocytosis
- about 5%:
6
Q
Ameboid movement
- what is it
- how it works
- purpose
- aided by? + definition
A
- name given to WBC ability to move from blood to tissues
- sends out cytoplasmic extension that attached to an object. Rest or cells contents then flows through that extension.
- attack invading microorganismos. Clean up cellular debris
- phagocytosis: eating up the microorganism or cell debris
7
Q
Phagocytosis
- what is it
- etymology + why
A
- process by which WBCs get rid of invading microorganismos and cellular debris
- phago = eating, because that’s what they do to the above
8
Q
Types of WBCs
- granules -> NEBulosa
- no granules -> ML (melissa lizbeth, no freckles)
A
- Neutrophils (majority of WBCs in blood)
- Eosinophils (minority)
- Basophils (minority)
- Monocytes (minority but huge)
- Lymphocytes (majority but lesser)
9
Q
Neutrophils
- % in blood + behavior
- habits
- function + why
- appearance to us + it’s composition
A
- more than 60%. Very active in blood
- stays in blood for about 12h. Moves into tissues then.
- phagocytize stuff in tissues to get rid foreign stuff. Secrete lysosomes to destroy bad bacteria
- pus: dead neutrophils. Fluid. Debris
10
Q
Monocytes
- what are they
- characteristic
- functions
- %
A
- HUGE WBCs found in blood
- largest leukocytes in body. can leave blood and enter tissues
»_space; if found in tissues, new not monocytes but macrophages) - immune surveilance
- phagocytosis of bacteria, dead cells or cell debris.
- around 5%
11
Q
Eosinophils
- what are they + function
- how?
- %
A
- WBC in charge of destroying allergens AND some parasites
»_space; allergens: stuff that produces you allergies like pollen/cat hair - produce anti-hisitamine
- less than 5%
12
Q
Basophils
- what are they
- function
- how it achieves such + describe
- % in blood
A
- WBC that also involved in combatting allergic RXNs
- inflammatory response
- release heparin, histamine and serotonin TO tissues
»_space; heparin: anticoagulant
»_space; histamine: causes inflammation
»_space; serotonin: causes vessels to constrict - least present. 0.5% to 1%
13
Q
Lymphocytes
- what are they
- characteristics
- life span
- appearance
- types + main functions
- overall functions (4)
- %
A
- WBCs in charge of producing antibodies
- very important in immune response.
- much less numerous in blood than RBCs.
- can only phagocytize certain stuff lest they suffer metabolically.
- life spain = short, only days. if infection, only hours
- very tiny WBC. smallest of them all. excluding platelets
- B lymphocytes: antibody production. precursos of plasma cells
- T lymphocytes: cellular immune response
- control cancer cells, destroy microorganisms, destroy parasites, reject foreign tissue implants
- 20 to 25%
14
Q
Thrombocytes
- AKA?
- what are they?
- size
- function
- life spain
- where produced and from what.
A
- aka platelets
- cellular fragments WITH nucleus
- 2-4 um. HUGE cell to tiny cell fragments
- prevent fluid loss when blood vessels break. part of blood clotting mechanism.
- live for about a week
- produced in RED bone marrow. derived from megakaryocytes.
»_space; one of 5 ways blood stem cell differentiates
15
Q
Plasma
- what is it + % in blood
- components + its % distribution
A
- fluid component of blood. makes up 55 % of blood (other 45% is cells)
- fluid made up: water 91% / some proteins 7% / solutes 2%
»_space;proteins: albumin/globulin/fibrinogen
