Blood Bourne Viruses Flashcards
What are viruses?
Obligate intracellular parasites without cellular structure
What do viruses consist of?
Molecule(s) of either DNA or RNA (but not both) surrounded by a protein coat
Do viruses have an envelope?
They may or may not
Where is the envelope of a virus derived from?
The plasma membrane of the host cell from which it is released
How do viruses reproduce?
They hijack the host’s mechanism for creating mRNA and production of proteins
What happens once viruses have reproduced in the host cells?
They can be released from the cell to infect other cells
How can new viruses be released from the original cell?
Can often occur by death of the infected cell
How can viruses be classified?
In a variety of ways, based on their structure
Give 7 examples of key viral classifications
Single-stranded, non-enveloped DNA viruses
Double-stranded, non-enveloped DNA viruses
Double-stranded, enveloped DNA viruses
Single-stranded, positive stand, icosahedral, non-enveloped RNA viruses
Single-stranded, positive strand, icosahedral or helical, enveloped RNA viruses
Single-stranded, negative strand, helical, enveloped RNA viruses
Double-stranded, icosahedral, non-enveloped RNA viruses
How many people does HIV infect per year around the world?
~2 million
How many new cases of HIV are there per year in the UK?
~6,000
How many people in the world have HIV?
37million
What happens if HIV is left untreated?
Most cases of HIV will progress to AIDS
How many deaths worldwide did HIV cause in 2014?
1.2million deaths
How many deaths did HIV cause in the UK in 2014?
320
How many people with HIV are there in the UK?
103,000
What % of those infected with HIV in the UK are men?
67%
What is the HIV prevalence in Leicester, compared to the UK?
3.8/1,000 in Leicester, compared to 1.9/1000 in the UK
What % of those infected with HIV are heterosexuals?
57%
What has happened regarding new diagnoses of HIV in heterosexuals since 2005?
It has decreased by 50%
How does the stage of diagnosis of HIV differ between heterosexuals and homosexuals?
> 50% of heterosexuals are diagnosed at a later stage
What is the result of heterosexuals being diagnosed with HIV at a later stage?
Worse outcome
What % of those with HIV in the UK are black African?
50-60%
What is the prevalence of HIV in IVDUs in the UK?
2/1000