Blood & Blood Vessels

Question 1

endothelium

Answer 1

single cellular layer that is the interface between blood and organs

Question 2

3 layers of heart

Answer 2

epicardium, myocardium, endocardium

Question 3

endocardium

Answer 3

thin layer of endothelium, a layer of smooth muscle fibers, and a deep layer of CT that merges with myocardium (innermost layer)

Question 4

myocardium

Answer 4

mainly cardiac muscle around each heart chamber

Question 5

epicardium

Answer 5

simple squamous mesothelium supported by loose CT containing blood vessels and nerves (visceral pericardium)

Question 6

cardiac skeleton

Answer 6

thick bundles of collagen that surrounds all valves for anchoring and support

Question 7

AV valves

Answer 7

blood flow from atria to ventricle; tricuspid on right and bicuspid on left

Question 8

semilunar valves

Answer 8

on pulmonary and aortic trunks; 3 cusps each; prevent back flow into ventricles

Question 9

SA node

Answer 9

located in right atrium

Question 10

AV node

Answer 10

locates in wall of right atrium near tricuspid valve

Question 11

smooth muscle function in vascular wall

Answer 11

mediate vasoconstriction and vasodilation to regulate BP

Question 12

endothelium function in vascular wall

Answer 12

barrier, exchange, regulates inflammatory response, tissue repair

Question 13

connective tissue in vascular wall

Answer 13

collagen for structure and elastic fibers for expansion

Question 14

intima

Answer 14

endothelium and layer of CT

Question 15

internal elastic lamina

Answer 15

elastin with holes in large vessels to promote diffusion

Question 16

media

Answer 16

smooth muscle cells

Question 17

adventitia

Answer 17

collagen and elastic fibers

Question 18

vaso vasorum

Answer 18

arterioles, capillaries, and venules that supply ocygen to larger vessels

Question 19

elastic arteries

Answer 19

media made of elastic lamellae; conduct blood from heart and help move blood forward under steady pressure

Question 20

muscular arteries

Answer 20

media made of smooth muscle; distribute blood to organs, help with dilation and constriction

Question 21

arterioles

Answer 21

media is 1-3 layers of smooth muscle; determine blood pressure and control blood flow to capillaries

Question 22

capillaries

Answer 22

media is made of pericytes; functino in exchange to and from cells

Question 23

atherosclerosis

Answer 23

deposits of plaques in intima of large and medium arteries that will eventually block blood flow –> tissue ischemia

Question 24

ischemic heart disease

Answer 24

decreased blood flow to myocardium

Question 25

rheumatic heart disease

Answer 25

mitral valves have reduced elasticity making them unable to open/close properly

Question 26

carotid sinuses

Answer 26

specialized branches of common carotid that serve as baroreceptors

Question 27

arteriovenus shunts

Answer 27

bypass of capillary networks, provide thermoregulation in the skin

Question 28

portal system

Answer 28

blood flows through 2 successive capillary beds separated by portal vein

Question 29

continuous capillaries

Answer 29

tight, well developed junctions for well regulated metabolic exchange; most common

Question 30

fenestrated capillaries

Answer 30

have holes for rapid exchange; kidneys, intestines, endocrine glands

Question 31

discontinuous capillaries (sinusoid)

Answer 31

permit maximal exchange; found in liver, spleen, bone marrow

Question 32

large veins

Answer 32

well developed intima but thin media; thicker adventitia than media and is made of smooth muscle