Blood bank Exam 4

Question 1

Nonhemolytic febrile transfusion reactions

Answer 1

Rise in temperature of 1 degrees Celsius or more above baseline level
Chills may be present

Question 2

When do nonhemolytic transfusion reactions occur?

Answer 2

Usually at the end of transfusion or 2 hours after

Question 3

What antibodies are nonhemolytic febrile transfusion reactions associated with?

Answer 3

Antibodies to white cells (HLA Class1)

Question 4

Who is more subjected to nonhemolytic febrile transfusion reactions and how often does it occur?

Answer 4

Multiply transfused patients and multiparous women
1 in 200 reactions

Question 5

What is the management of febrile reactions?

Answer 5

Treatment is aimed at preventing or decreasing symptoms
Antipyretics can be given before
Can give leukocyte poor blood or leukoreduced products

Question 6

Allergic transfusion reactions can be defined as

Answer 6

Mild, moderate or life threatening
Most common after febrile

Question 7

What are the symptoms of allergic transfusion reactions?

Answer 7

Urticaria, erythema and itching

Question 8

What could be the cause of allergic transfusion reactions?

Answer 8

Possibly due to antibodies in recipients plasma reacting with soluble proteins in plasma of unit

Question 9

How would one manage an allergic transfusion reaction?

Answer 9

Stop transfusion (can start if symptoms subside)
Antihistamines to control symptoms
You could give antihistamines to patients with a history of mild allergic reactions

Question 10

Anaphylactic transfusion reactions can be defined as

Answer 10

the most severe form of allergic reactions, and is quite rare having 1 in 150,000 people experience it.

Question 11

What is a possible cause of anaphylactic transfusion reaction?

Answer 11

Occurs in patients with IgA deficiency (need antibodies to IgA)

Question 12

Skin flushing, nausea, abdominal cramps, vomiting, diarrhea, laryngeal edema, bronchospasm, hypotension, shock and loss of consciousness is associated with what reaction?

Answer 12

Anaphylactic transfusion reactions

Question 13

How could healthcare providers manage an anaphylactic reaction?

Answer 13

aggressive management of patients’ symptoms
stop transfusion
Keep line open for hypotension
Epinephrine

Question 14

How could an anaphylactic reaction be prevented?

Answer 14

Transfuse IgA deficient blood, deglycerolized red cells or multiply washed red cells.

Question 15

Noncardiogenic Pulmonary Reactions (TRALI) can be defined as

Answer 15

A rare pulmonary edema without cardiac involvement, which is believed to be immune mediated.

Question 16

Symptoms of acute respiratory distress, edema, hypoxemia, and fever can be associated with

Answer 16

noncardiogenic pulmonary reactions (TRALI)

Question 17

What could be a cause of Noncardiogenic pulmonary reactions?

Answer 17

Antibodies in donor’s red plasma react with WBC and aggregates get trapped in the lungs

Question 18

Acute nonimmunologic transfusion reactions can be defined as

Answer 18

Bacterial contamination that can occur during phlebotomy or component preparation, with multiplication more likely at room temperature.

Question 19

Which gram negative bacteria can grow in cold temperatures causing bacterial contaminations in blood?

Answer 19

Citrobacter, E.Coli and Y entercolitica.

Question 20

Symptoms of high fever, shock, renal failure, DIC, and muscle aches can be associated with

Answer 20

Acute nonimmunologic transfusion reactions

Question 21

Transfusion Associated Circulatory Overload (TACO) can be defined as

Answer 21

when a patient is being transfused too rapidly, with the very young, elderly, patients with cardiac disease and chronic anemia being more at risk.

Question 22

Symptoms of congestive heart failure, coughing, cyanosis, headache, peripheral edema, and difficulty breathing can be seen in

Answer 22

Transfusion Associated Circulatory Overload (TACO)

Question 23

Management of Transfusion Associated Circulatory Overload could be

Answer 23

to stop transfusion and treat symptoms, while taking the longest time possible to resume transfusion.

Question 24

Hemolysis Due to Physical or Chemical means can be caused by

Answer 24

Improper storage by overheating or freezing, mechanical stress of cardiopulmonary bypass pumps, or administration of fluids other than saline

Question 25

Asymptomatic hemoglobinuria with no fever, but chills and hypotension can be associated with

Answer 25

Hemolysis due to physical or chemical means

Question 26

high fever, diffuse skin rash and possible desquamation, anorexia, nausea, vomiting, pancytopenia can indicate

Answer 26

Graft V. Host disease

Question 27

Post Transfusion Purpura can be defined as

Answer 27

alloimmunization to platelet antigens through previous pregnancy or transfusion, it is rare and most common in women. Can occur 5-10 days after transfusion

Question 28

What condition is a sudden onset of immune thrombocytopenia

Answer 28

Post transfusion Purpura

Question 29

What are some other diseases that could cause a transfusion reaction?

Answer 29

Cytomegalovirus
Malaria
Babesiosis
Syphilis