Blood bank Exam 4 Flashcards
Nonhemolytic febrile transfusion reactions
Rise in temperature of 1 degrees Celsius or more above baseline level
Chills may be present
When do nonhemolytic transfusion reactions occur?
Usually at the end of transfusion or 2 hours after
What antibodies are nonhemolytic febrile transfusion reactions associated with?
Antibodies to white cells (HLA Class1)
Who is more subjected to nonhemolytic febrile transfusion reactions and how often does it occur?
Multiply transfused patients and multiparous women
1 in 200 reactions
What is the management of febrile reactions?
Treatment is aimed at preventing or decreasing symptoms
Antipyretics can be given before
Can give leukocyte poor blood or leukoreduced products
Allergic transfusion reactions can be defined as
Mild, moderate or life threatening
Most common after febrile
What are the symptoms of allergic transfusion reactions?
Urticaria, erythema and itching
What could be the cause of allergic transfusion reactions?
Possibly due to antibodies in recipients plasma reacting with soluble proteins in plasma of unit
How would one manage an allergic transfusion reaction?
Stop transfusion (can start if symptoms subside)
Antihistamines to control symptoms
You could give antihistamines to patients with a history of mild allergic reactions
Anaphylactic transfusion reactions can be defined as
the most severe form of allergic reactions, and is quite rare having 1 in 150,000 people experience it.
What is a possible cause of anaphylactic transfusion reaction?
Occurs in patients with IgA deficiency (need antibodies to IgA)
Skin flushing, nausea, abdominal cramps, vomiting, diarrhea, laryngeal edema, bronchospasm, hypotension, shock and loss of consciousness is associated with what reaction?
Anaphylactic transfusion reactions
How could healthcare providers manage an anaphylactic reaction?
aggressive management of patients’ symptoms
stop transfusion
Keep line open for hypotension
Epinephrine
How could an anaphylactic reaction be prevented?
Transfuse IgA deficient blood, deglycerolized red cells or multiply washed red cells.
Noncardiogenic Pulmonary Reactions (TRALI) can be defined as
A rare pulmonary edema without cardiac involvement, which is believed to be immune mediated.
Symptoms of acute respiratory distress, edema, hypoxemia, and fever can be associated with
noncardiogenic pulmonary reactions (TRALI)
What could be a cause of Noncardiogenic pulmonary reactions?
Antibodies in donor’s red plasma react with WBC and aggregates get trapped in the lungs
Acute nonimmunologic transfusion reactions can be defined as
Bacterial contamination that can occur during phlebotomy or component preparation, with multiplication more likely at room temperature.
Which gram negative bacteria can grow in cold temperatures causing bacterial contaminations in blood?
Citrobacter, E.Coli and Y entercolitica.
Symptoms of high fever, shock, renal failure, DIC, and muscle aches can be associated with
Acute nonimmunologic transfusion reactions
Transfusion Associated Circulatory Overload (TACO) can be defined as
when a patient is being transfused too rapidly, with the very young, elderly, patients with cardiac disease and chronic anemia being more at risk.
Symptoms of congestive heart failure, coughing, cyanosis, headache, peripheral edema, and difficulty breathing can be seen in
Transfusion Associated Circulatory Overload (TACO)
Management of Transfusion Associated Circulatory Overload could be
to stop transfusion and treat symptoms, while taking the longest time possible to resume transfusion.
Hemolysis Due to Physical or Chemical means can be caused by
Improper storage by overheating or freezing, mechanical stress of cardiopulmonary bypass pumps, or administration of fluids other than saline
