Blood Bank Flashcards
What type of antigens does the following blood type have:
- A
- B
- AB
- O
- A = A antigen
- B = B antigen
- AB = A & B antigen
- O = No antigens
What type of antibodies does the following blood type have:
- A
- B
- AB
- O
- A = Anti-B
- B = Anti-A
- AB = No antibodies
- O = Anti-A & Anti-B
During the transfusion process what 3 steps occurs on the donor side?
- blood collection
- testing blood for infectious disease
- blood component preparation
During the transfusion process what 4 steps occurs on the receiver side?
- assessment of compatibility
- treatment of components
- identification of patient/product
- evaluation/monitoring of patient
What 3 tubes are used for collecting blood bank specimen? Which of the following will be a serum and NOT a plasma sample?
- Pink
- Lavender
- Red = serum
In this type of ABO/Rh typing known antibodies are added to tubes containing a patients RBC.
Forward typing
In this type of ABO/Rh typing the patient’s serum is added to known A or B positive RBCs.
Reverse typing
What does forward typing vs reverse typing detect?
- forward typing = detect antigens on RBC
- reverse typing = detect antibodies in serum
The goal of this test is to detect antibodies not bound to RBC present in the plasma or serum of a patient that can become bound to RBC.
Antibody screen
The goal of this test is to determine if anything in the blood of a patient recipient will hemolyze or agglutinate the RBC from a potential donor.
Crossmatch
What test should be done if a transfusion reaction occurs?
Coombs test
The goal of this test is to determine if IgG immunoglobin or complement is bound to the surface of the patient’s RBCs (if the RBCs is “sensitized”).
Coombs test
In this version of the Coombs test, antiserum is added to the patient’s red cells; if RBCs are coated with antibody or complement then agglutination will occur
Direct antiglobulin test
In this version of the Coombs test, the patient’s serum is added to a sample of red cells expressing a known set of blood group antigens.
Indirect antiglobulin test
If you order a blood type what will you get?
-ABO, Rh type
If you order a type and screen what will you get?
-ABO, Rh, Antibody
What is common practice when ordering blood tests in the hospital?
type and cross
When ordering a blood test what 2 specific requests do you need to make?
- indicate # of unit
- type of transfusion
Collection of a single donor platelet pack is called what?
Apheresis
When performing a blood transfusion what is the first thing you need to do.
Obtain informed consent
What is the risk of the following during blood transfusion in the US.
a. Hepatitis B
b. Hepatitis C
c. HIV
a. 1/290,000
b. 1/1.5 million
c. 1/2 million
Blood type A can receive and donate blood to who?
- receive = A, O
- donate = A, AB
Blood type B can receive and donate blood to who?
- receive = B, O
- donate = B, AB
Blood type AB can receive and donate blood to who?
- receive = A, B, AB, O
- donate = AB
Blood type O can receive and donate blood to who?
- receive = O
- donate = O, A, B, AB
When transfusing plasma what do you not have to worry about, compared to transfusing RBCs?
Rh group
What blood type is the universal donor?
O negative
What blood type is the universal recipient?
AB positive
If a patient presents with what symptoms of anemia is transfusion indicated?
- Fainting
- Chest pain
- Angina
- Heart attack
What are 3 primary indications for transfusion of packed RBCs?
- hemorrhage
- significant symptoms of anemia
- Hgb of < 7 g/dl
What are 3 ‘other’ indications for packed RBCs?
- severe thalassemia
- hemolytic disease of the newborn
- Sickle cell disease
What is the expected increase in Hgb and Hct per 1 unit of packed RBcs?
- Hgb should increase by 1
- Hct should increase by 3
What are the 4 indications for FFP?
- prevent coagulopathy in trauma patient
- correct coagulopathy prior to surgery
- correct coagulopathy/bleeding due to blood thinners
- DIC
What are the 2 indications for cryoprecipitate?
- supplement fibrinogen in DIC
- congenital hypofibrinogenemia
Implementation of this protocol has been associated with decreased mortality reductions in patients receiving blood transfusions
massive transfusion protocol
If after blood transfusion H&H is unchanged or excessively increased what should you suspect?
patient is still bleeding
What type of virus should you be concerned about when performing a blood transfusion on an immunocompromised patient?
Citomegalovirus
For plasma only, who is the universal donor and universal recipient?
AB = donor O = recipient
How many packets of platelets is necessary in a pool to equal 1 apheresis pack?
5-10 packets (patients)
How much should you expect the platelet count to go up per platelet concentrate pack vs apheresis pack?
5-10,000 platelets per platelet concentrate
10-60,000 platelets for apheresis (usually on the higher side)
Prior to invasive surgery the goal for platelet count is what?
> 50,000/mcL
What are the 3 primary indications for transfusion of platelets?
- maintain platelet levels > 10,000/mcL in stable non-bleeding patients
- > 20,000/mcL in unstable non-bleeding patients
- > 50,000/mcL in active bleeding patients
