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ClinLab > Blood Bank > Flashcards

Blood Bank Flashcards

1
Q

What type of antigens does the following blood type have:

  • A
  • B
  • AB
  • O
A
  • A = A antigen
  • B = B antigen
  • AB = A & B antigen
  • O = No antigens
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2
Q

What type of antibodies does the following blood type have:

  • A
  • B
  • AB
  • O
A
  • A = Anti-B
  • B = Anti-A
  • AB = No antibodies
  • O = Anti-A & Anti-B
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3
Q

During the transfusion process what 3 steps occurs on the donor side?

A
  • blood collection
  • testing blood for infectious disease
  • blood component preparation
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4
Q

During the transfusion process what 4 steps occurs on the receiver side?

A
  • assessment of compatibility
  • treatment of components
  • identification of patient/product
  • evaluation/monitoring of patient
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5
Q

What 3 tubes are used for collecting blood bank specimen? Which of the following will be a serum and NOT a plasma sample?

A
  • Pink
  • Lavender
  • Red = serum
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6
Q

In this type of ABO/Rh typing known antibodies are added to tubes containing a patients RBC.

A

Forward typing

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7
Q

In this type of ABO/Rh typing the patient’s serum is added to known A or B positive RBCs.

A

Reverse typing

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8
Q

What does forward typing vs reverse typing detect?

A
  • forward typing = detect antigens on RBC

- reverse typing = detect antibodies in serum

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9
Q

The goal of this test is to detect antibodies not bound to RBC present in the plasma or serum of a patient that can become bound to RBC.

A

Antibody screen

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10
Q

The goal of this test is to determine if anything in the blood of a patient recipient will hemolyze or agglutinate the RBC from a potential donor.

A

Crossmatch

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11
Q

What test should be done if a transfusion reaction occurs?

A

Coombs test

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12
Q

The goal of this test is to determine if IgG immunoglobin or complement is bound to the surface of the patient’s RBCs (if the RBCs is “sensitized”).

A

Coombs test

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13
Q

In this version of the Coombs test, antiserum is added to the patient’s red cells; if RBCs are coated with antibody or complement then agglutination will occur

A

Direct antiglobulin test

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14
Q

In this version of the Coombs test, the patient’s serum is added to a sample of red cells expressing a known set of blood group antigens.

A

Indirect antiglobulin test

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15
Q

If you order a blood type what will you get?

A

-ABO, Rh type

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16
Q

If you order a type and screen what will you get?

A

-ABO, Rh, Antibody

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17
Q

What is common practice when ordering blood tests in the hospital?

A

type and cross

18
Q

When ordering a blood test what 2 specific requests do you need to make?

A
  • indicate # of unit

- type of transfusion

19
Q

Collection of a single donor platelet pack is called what?

A

Apheresis

20
Q

When performing a blood transfusion what is the first thing you need to do.

A

Obtain informed consent

21
Q

What is the risk of the following during blood transfusion in the US.

a. Hepatitis B
b. Hepatitis C
c. HIV

A

a. 1/290,000
b. 1/1.5 million
c. 1/2 million

22
Q

Blood type A can receive and donate blood to who?

A
  • receive = A, O

- donate = A, AB

23
Q

Blood type B can receive and donate blood to who?

A
  • receive = B, O

- donate = B, AB

24
Q

Blood type AB can receive and donate blood to who?

A
  • receive = A, B, AB, O

- donate = AB

25
Q

Blood type O can receive and donate blood to who?

A
  • receive = O

- donate = O, A, B, AB

26
Q

When transfusing plasma what do you not have to worry about, compared to transfusing RBCs?

A

Rh group

27
Q

What blood type is the universal donor?

A

O negative

28
Q

What blood type is the universal recipient?

A

AB positive

29
Q

If a patient presents with what symptoms of anemia is transfusion indicated?

A
  • Fainting
  • Chest pain
  • Angina
  • Heart attack
30
Q

What are 3 primary indications for transfusion of packed RBCs?

A
  • hemorrhage
  • significant symptoms of anemia
  • Hgb of < 7 g/dl
31
Q

What are 3 ‘other’ indications for packed RBCs?

A
  • severe thalassemia
  • hemolytic disease of the newborn
  • Sickle cell disease
32
Q

What is the expected increase in Hgb and Hct per 1 unit of packed RBcs?

A
  • Hgb should increase by 1

- Hct should increase by 3

33
Q

What are the 4 indications for FFP?

A
  • prevent coagulopathy in trauma patient
  • correct coagulopathy prior to surgery
  • correct coagulopathy/bleeding due to blood thinners
  • DIC
34
Q

What are the 2 indications for cryoprecipitate?

A
  • supplement fibrinogen in DIC

- congenital hypofibrinogenemia

35
Q

Implementation of this protocol has been associated with decreased mortality reductions in patients receiving blood transfusions

A

massive transfusion protocol

36
Q

If after blood transfusion H&H is unchanged or excessively increased what should you suspect?

A

patient is still bleeding

37
Q

What type of virus should you be concerned about when performing a blood transfusion on an immunocompromised patient?

A

Citomegalovirus

38
Q

For plasma only, who is the universal donor and universal recipient?

A 
AB = donor
O = recipient
39
Q

How many packets of platelets is necessary in a pool to equal 1 apheresis pack?

A

5-10 packets (patients)

40
Q

How much should you expect the platelet count to go up per platelet concentrate pack vs apheresis pack?

A

5-10,000 platelets per platelet concentrate

10-60,000 platelets for apheresis (usually on the higher side)

41
Q

Prior to invasive surgery the goal for platelet count is what?

A

> 50,000/mcL

42
Q

What are the 3 primary indications for transfusion of platelets?

A
  • maintain platelet levels > 10,000/mcL in stable non-bleeding patients
  • > 20,000/mcL in unstable non-bleeding patients
  • > 50,000/mcL in active bleeding patients

ClinLab (5 decks)

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