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ClinLab > ABG > Flashcards

ABG Flashcards

1
Q

pH is inversely proportional to ______.

A

H+

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2
Q

If pH is < 7.35 then it is _____.

A

acidic

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3
Q

If pH is >7.45 then it is _____.

A

alkalotic

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4
Q

Why does the blood pH matter?

A

pH and temperature affect biochemical reactions

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5
Q

An acidotic state can lead to what 3 negative effects?

A
  • decreased efficacy of medications
  • decrease in catecholamine response
  • decrease in cardiac contractility
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6
Q

An alkalotic state can lead to what 3 negative effects?

A
  • interferes with muscular contractions
  • interferes with neurological functioning
  • interferes with tissue oxygenation
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7
Q

What is the definition of a buffer?

A

Chemical that binds excessive H+ (or OH-) without significant pH shift

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8
Q

What is the most important plasma buffering system?

A

carbonic acid-bicarbonate system

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9
Q

A buffer pair consists of what 2 things?

A

a weak acid + conjugate base

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10
Q

What is the carbonic acid-bicarbonate equation?

A

H2O + CO2 H2CO3 H + HCO3

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11
Q

In the body what is the “hero” and “villain” of the acid-base balance?

A
  • hero = bicarbonate

- villain = acid (H+)

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12
Q

What does the respiratory buffer response do?

A

CO2 is eliminated or retained via respiration

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13
Q

The more CO2 in the body the _______ the pH.

A

lower

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14
Q

The less CO2 in the body the _______ the pH.

A

higher

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15
Q

What organ is responsible for the renal buffer (metabolic) response?

A

kidneys

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16
Q

The renal metabolic response consists of what 2 things?

A
  • kidneys excrete or retain bicarbonate

- kidneys excrete or retain H+

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17
Q

The more HCO3-, the _____ the pH.

A

higher

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18
Q

The less HCO3-, the _____ the pH.

A

lower

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19
Q

How does the lungs compensate for an increase in carbonic acid (pH lowering)?

A

Eliminates more CO2 by increasing respiration

20
Q

How does the lungs compensate for a decrease in carbonic acid (pH increasing)?

A

Retains more CO2 by decreasing respiration

21
Q

Which of the compensation methods (respiratory/metabolic) is quick and begins in minutes?

A

respiratory

22
Q

How does the kidneys compensate for an increase in carbonic acid (pH lowering)?

A

Retains more HCO3

23
Q

How does the kidneys compensate for a decrease in carbonic acid (pH increasing)?

A

Excretes more HCO3

24
Q

What equation describes the derivation of pH as a measure of acidity?

A

Henderson-Hasselbach Equation

25
Q

What is the formal for the Henderson-Hasselbach Equation?

A

pH = 6.1 + log [ HCO3/ (pCO2 x 0.03) ]

26
Q

Any process that changes ______ is a metabolic process.

A

HCO3-

27
Q

Any process that changes ______ is a respiratory process.

A

pCO2

28
Q

pCO2 can only leave in one way, which is?

A

the lungs

29
Q

pCO2 is produced where?

A

everywhere

30
Q

HCO3 is produced where?

A

in the kidney

31
Q

T/F: You are not able to overcompensate.

A

True

32
Q

What is the ABG wishbone composed of?(from left to right)

A

pH/pCO2/pO2/HCO3/SaO2

33
Q

When reading the ABG results it is important to note what about the patient?

A

% of O2 they are receiving if any

34
Q

What are 3 indications for ABG draw?

A
  • Assess status of oxygenation and ventilation
  • evaluate acid-base status
  • monitor effectiveness of therapy
35
Q

T/F: ABG is significantly more painful than phlebotomy.

A

True

36
Q

What are 4 sites in which ABG specimen can be collected? (* the preferred location)

A
  • Radial artery puncture*
  • Brachial artery puncture
  • Femoral artery puncture
  • Arterial line draw
37
Q

Before obtaining an ABG what 3 exams should be done on the puncture site?

A
  • skin inspection
  • pulse exam
  • allen’s test
38
Q

Which artery is responsible for the dominant circulation of the hand?

A

ulnar artery

39
Q

Ideally you want the whole hand to perfuse within how many seconds on an Allen test?

A

15 seconds

40
Q

What are 4 contraindications for ABG?

A
  • Abnormal Allen’s test
  • Local skin infection/lymphedema
  • Arterial disease
  • Acral hypoperfusion
41
Q

What 2 things does the ABG kit consist of?

A
  • 22-25g needle

- Heparinized syringe system

42
Q

T/F: The ABG syringe does not need a negative vacuum pressure.

A

True

43
Q

Once you collect the ABG what is the first thing you should do?

A

Mix the arterial sample with heparin anticoagulant by rolling in your hands.

44
Q

Once the ABG specimen is obtained ideally you want to run the test how quickly?

A

right away

45
Q

Patients with dark skin it can be challenging to see change in perfusion. What test is better?

A

laser doppler flowmetry (LDF)

46
Q

The heparinized syringe needle consists of how much heparin?

A

1-2 ml

ClinLab (5 decks)

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