Blood and Immunity

Question 1

Plasma

Answer 1

liquid portion of blood, 91% water, 7% proteins, 2% other solutes

Question 2

Serum

Answer 2

plasma without clotting factors (fibrogens)

Question 3

Erythrocyte

Answer 3

red blood cells, carry oxygen, contribute to carbon dioxide transport

Question 4

Leukocyte

Answer 4

white blood cells in buffy coat, immune system cells (basophils, neutrophils, eosinophils, lymphocytes, monocytes)

Question 5

Thrombocyte

Answer 5

platelets in a buffy coat. Prevent blood leaks from damaged blood vessels

Question 6

Hemoglobin

Answer 6

carries oxygen, four heme molecules per globin

Question 7

Oxyhemoglobin

Answer 7

hemoglobin bound by oxygen in red blood cells

Question 8

Deoxyhemoglobin

Answer 8

oxygen released from heme at muscles or tissues, becomes this

Question 9

Carbonic Acid

Answer 9

H2CO3, CO2 turned into this when mixed with water. equilibrates into bicarbonate (CHO3-) and hydrogen ion (H+)

Question 10

Endothelial Growth Factor

Answer 10

attract thrombocytes to the exposed connective tissue, merge to form a plug which prevents further bleeding

Question 11

Platelet Plug

Answer 11

the seal that is formed to maintain blood vessel integrity

Question 12

Immune System

Answer 12

protects body from own defective cells, bacteria, viruses, other pathogens

Question 13

Immune Specificity

Answer 13

pathogens are remembered by certain antigens

Question 14

Immune Memory

Answer 14

remember antigens that the body has encountered, initiate corresponding immune response

Question 15

Lymph Tissue

Answer 15

remove excess tissue fluid, transport waste materials including interstitial fluid contains waste material, filter lymph by removing microorganisms/cellular debris + other foreign matter

Question 16

External Innate Immunity

Answer 16

first physical barrier of immune system to invading microorganisms, mucosal cells, mechanical barriers (skin, mucous membranes), chemical barriers (HCL in gastric mucosa), can’t recognize self from non-self

Question 17

Internal Innate Immunity

Answer 17

2nd level of non-specific immunity (to pathogen), broad inflammatory response (inflammation, phagocytosis, cytokine production). can recognize ‘non-self,’ no memory. Basophils, eosinophils, neutrophils, monocytes activated. Symptoms: inflammations and fever+

Question 18

Neutrophils

Answer 18

most abundant white blood cells, function in phagocytosis

Question 19

Adaptive Immunity

Answer 19

exposure to an antigen triggers animals own immune response. Specificity and memory by B and T lymphocyte cells. Slower response than internal innate immune system, more specific to the pathogen and has memory. Humoral immunity and cell-mediated immunity, activated in immunization

Question 20

Lymphocyte B cells

Answer 20

can become either plasma cells that produce antibodies or memory cells that allow the body to recognize invaders in the future and respond faster

Question 21

Lymphocyte T cells

Answer 21

kill invaders using various methods including phagocytosis, cytotoxic T cells, release of cytokines

Question 22

Antibody Production

Answer 22

lymphocytes in B cells for this

Question 23

Humoral Immunity

Answer 23

part of adaptive immunity, activation of B cells and antibodies

Question 24

Cell-mediated Immunity

Answer 24

branch of adaptive immunity, T cells activated

Question 25

Passive Immunity

Answer 25

animal received preformed antibodies and include the passing of antibodies by the ingestion of colostrum at the time of birth or antibodies produced by another animal and transfused IV into a sick animal. Have specific memory for certain antigens of viruses, toxins, certain bacteria