Blood And Immune

Question 1

Where do antibodies sit in the blood? (once spun)

Answer 1

in the plasma - which is water and dissolved substances

Question 2

what are the three different cells in the blood and what do they do?

Answer 2

1. Red Blood cells
   These cells carry oxygen
2. White blood cells
   Cells that fight infection
3. Platelets
   Bits of membrane-enclosed cytoplasm that aid in clotting

Question 3

What are three types of white blood cells?

Answer 3

1. Lymphocytes
   These are B and T cells that carry specific receptors on B and T cells to recognise pathogens
2. Monocytes
   Kidney bean looking nuclei. These are a type of scavenging type cell to sense pathogens
3. Neutrophils
   Have a messy nuclei (kind of looks like a C). These become phagocytes - which engulf pathogens

Question 4

What are the two major functions of the immune system?

Answer 4

1. To differentiate between what is you and what is not you - needs to be able to tell what is us and what isn’t us
2. Defense - seeking and destroying what isn’t us

Question 5

What is the term used to describe our immune system differentiating between what is us and what isn’t?

Answer 5

Immunological tolerance

Question 6

What is the meaning of pathology?

Answer 6

Pathology is the study of diseases and how they progress

Question 7

What is a pathogen?

Answer 7

A pathogen is something that causes disease, for example bacteria or virus

Question 8

What is the immune system?

Answer 8

A system of defenses to stop invading pathogens

Question 9

What is immunogenic?

Answer 9

Something which induces an immune response in the body, this can be a hum oral and/or cell-mediated immune response

Question 10

What is an antigen?

Answer 10

A molecule which induces an immune response via a lymphocyte. Pathogens have many antigens on their surface

Question 11

What is an antibody?

Answer 11

A molecular component of the immune system that recognises and binds (interacts with) antigens

Question 12

What are the two main components of the immune system?

Answer 12

1. Innate immunity

2. Adaptive immunity

Question 13

What are innate immunity?

Answer 13

Innate immunity are always deployed when a foreign pathogen comes into the body and is invariant (invarient is when the components of the innate immune system are already there and waiting).

There are two lines of defenses

Question 14

What is the first line of Defense in external innate defenses?

Answer 14

• skin
• secretions
• mucous membranes

Question 15

What are the second line of Defense - internal innate defenses?

Answer 15

1. Phagocytic cells
2. Natural killer cells
3. Defensive proteins
4. Inflammatory response

Question 16

What are adaptive immunity?

Answer 16

These are activated by exposure to specific pathogens and are specific to a particular pathogen