Blood And Hematopoiesis

Question 1

What are six functions of blood?

Answer 1

• transport O2 and Co2
• Move WBCs to infection sites
• Move platelets
• move nutrients and metabolic byproducts
• Distribute hormones
• Heat distribution

Question 2

What is the difference between plasma and serum?

Answer 2

Plasma - anticoagulated blood

Serum - blood sample without anti-coagulants
-clotted blood falls to the bottom

Question 3

Describe the structure of erythrocytes

Answer 3

Biconcave disc

No organelles

Filled with Hemoglobin

Flexible membrane

Question 4

What proteins are responsible for the flexible membrane of erythrocytes?

Answer 4

Band->

Ankyrin->

aSpectrin->

Actin

Question 5

How are damaged erythrocytes removed from the bloodstream?

Answer 5

Spherocytosis

Macrophages lining the capillaries of the spleen remove damaged RBCs

Question 6

What are the three granulocytic cells?

Answer 6

Neutrophils

Eosinophils

Basophils

Question 7

What is the structure of neutrophils?

Answer 7

Granules that contain lysozyme and myeloperoxidase

Segmented nucleus (3-5 lobes)

Question 8

What is the function of Neutrophils?

Answer 8

Phagocytize and destroy bacteria by pseudopodia

Causes formation of Pus

Question 9

What is the structure and function of eosinophils?

Answer 9

Granular

Bilobed nucleus

Mediate allergic reactions and protect against parasitic infections

Question 10

What is the structure and function of Basophils?

Answer 10

Granular

Bilobed nuclues

Responsible for anaphylaxis and Type 1 hypersensitivity reactions

Question 11

What is the structure and function of lymphocytes?

Answer 11

Agranular

Small, round cells with thin rim of cytoplasm

T cells- cell mediated immunity

B cells - humoral immunity, differentiate into plasma cells

Question 12

What is the structure and function of monocytes?

Answer 12

Agranular

Kidney shaped nucleus

Precursor to macrophages, osteoclasts, and microglia

Question 13

What are platelets?

Answer 13

Cytoplasmic fragments of megakaryocutes

Participate in blood clotting

Full of granules that contain clotting factors

Question 14

Where is blood made during the fetal stage of development?

Answer 14

Liver and Spleen

Question 15

Where is blood made during the adult stage of development?

Answer 15

Primarily the axial skeleton

Vertebra, Sternum, Rib

Question 16

What cell is the start for the formation of every type of blood cell?

Answer 16

Pluripotent hemopoietic stem cell

Question 17

What is erythropoietin?

Answer 17

Growth factor for erythroctyes that is produced by the kidney

Question 18

What is the role of polyribosomes in erythropoeisis?

Answer 18

Produces hemoglobin for the RBC during hemopoeisis

Gives precursor RBCs their blue tint

Question 19

What is GCSF?

Answer 19

Granulocyte colony stimulating factor

Question 20

What differentiates precursor granuloctyes and what are the differences?

Answer 20

Granule characteristics at the myelocyte stage

Neutrophils - myeloperoxidase

Eosinophils - Major Basic Protein

Basophils - Heparin and Histamine

Question 21

Where does the final differentiation occur of monocytes?

Answer 21

Final differentiation occurs in tissues

Liver - Kupfer cells

Bone - Osteoclasts

Skin - Langerhan’s cells

Brain - Microglia

Other tissues - Macrophages

Question 22

What is the structure and function of Megakaryocytes?

Answer 22

Large cell with a single, lobulated nucleus

Produces platelets

Undergoes endomitosis-DNA replication without cell division

Question 23

Where do T and B cells mature and migrate?

Answer 23

T cells - mature in thymus, migrate to lymph node and spleen

B cells - mature in marrow, midgrate to lymph node or spleen