Blood And Hematopoiesis Flashcards
What are six functions of blood?
- transport O2 and Co2
- Move WBCs to infection sites
- Move platelets
- move nutrients and metabolic byproducts
- Distribute hormones
- Heat distribution
What is the difference between plasma and serum?
Plasma - anticoagulated blood
Serum - blood sample without anti-coagulants
-clotted blood falls to the bottom
Describe the structure of erythrocytes
Biconcave disc
No organelles
Filled with Hemoglobin
Flexible membrane
What proteins are responsible for the flexible membrane of erythrocytes?
Band->
Ankyrin->
aSpectrin->
Actin
How are damaged erythrocytes removed from the bloodstream?
Spherocytosis
Macrophages lining the capillaries of the spleen remove damaged RBCs
What are the three granulocytic cells?
Neutrophils
Eosinophils
Basophils
What is the structure of neutrophils?
Granules that contain lysozyme and myeloperoxidase
Segmented nucleus (3-5 lobes)
What is the function of Neutrophils?
Phagocytize and destroy bacteria by pseudopodia
Causes formation of Pus
What is the structure and function of eosinophils?
Granular
Bilobed nucleus
Mediate allergic reactions and protect against parasitic infections
What is the structure and function of Basophils?
Granular
Bilobed nuclues
Responsible for anaphylaxis and Type 1 hypersensitivity reactions
What is the structure and function of lymphocytes?
Agranular
Small, round cells with thin rim of cytoplasm
T cells- cell mediated immunity
B cells - humoral immunity, differentiate into plasma cells
What is the structure and function of monocytes?
Agranular
Kidney shaped nucleus
Precursor to macrophages, osteoclasts, and microglia
What are platelets?
Cytoplasmic fragments of megakaryocutes
Participate in blood clotting
Full of granules that contain clotting factors
Where is blood made during the fetal stage of development?
Liver and Spleen
Where is blood made during the adult stage of development?
Primarily the axial skeleton
Vertebra, Sternum, Rib
What cell is the start for the formation of every type of blood cell?
Pluripotent hemopoietic stem cell
What is erythropoietin?
Growth factor for erythroctyes that is produced by the kidney
What is the role of polyribosomes in erythropoeisis?
Produces hemoglobin for the RBC during hemopoeisis
Gives precursor RBCs their blue tint
What is GCSF?
Granulocyte colony stimulating factor
What differentiates precursor granuloctyes and what are the differences?
Granule characteristics at the myelocyte stage
Neutrophils - myeloperoxidase
Eosinophils - Major Basic Protein
Basophils - Heparin and Histamine
Where does the final differentiation occur of monocytes?
Final differentiation occurs in tissues
Liver - Kupfer cells
Bone - Osteoclasts
Skin - Langerhan’s cells
Brain - Microglia
Other tissues - Macrophages
What is the structure and function of Megakaryocytes?
Large cell with a single, lobulated nucleus
Produces platelets
Undergoes endomitosis-DNA replication without cell division
Where do T and B cells mature and migrate?
T cells - mature in thymus, migrate to lymph node and spleen
B cells - mature in marrow, midgrate to lymph node or spleen
