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Heme/Lymph 1 > Blood and Hematopoiesis > Flashcards

Blood and Hematopoiesis Flashcards

1
Q

Blood consists of

A

Formed elements (cells) and amorphous ground usbstance (serum)

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2
Q

Blood and fibers

A

Blood contains no fibers but upon injury, fibrinogen can form fibers

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3
Q

Blood develops from

A

Mesenchyme

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4
Q

Hematocrit and normal values

A

Percentage volume of blood by erythrocytes

Normal - 45%…lower=anemia

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5
Q

RBC appearance

A

Biconcave disc

Rouleaux formation forming columns

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6
Q

Reticulocytes and appearance

A

Immature RBCs…slightly basophilic from residual rRNA from hemoglobin synthesis (Howell Jolly bodies)

Basophilia lost after 2 days in circulation

1-2% of peripheral blood

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7
Q

Elevation in reticulocytes means

A

Increase in RBC production

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8
Q

Anemia

A

Decrease in blood concentration of hemoglobin due to reduced number of total RBCs or decrease in individual hemoglobin content

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9
Q

Platelets - origin and apperance

A

From megakaryocyte cytoplasm
Also called thrombocytes
Disc-like
Hyalomere outer zone of cytoskeleton (MTs_
Inner granulomere containing serotonin (vasoconstrictor) or other coagulation components

NO NUCLEUS

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10
Q

Granular leukocytes

A

Segmented nuclei and non-dividing terminal cells with life span of a few days…contain primary and secondary granules…include neutro, baso, and eosino

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11
Q

Agranular leukocytes

A

Nuclei are round or indented and contain only primary granules…lymphos and monos

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12
Q

Specific granules

A

Secondary granules

Found only in granulocytes and have specific functions in cell…characterized by staining properties

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13
Q

Azurophilic granules

A

Primary granules…function as lysosomes

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14
Q

Neutrophil appearance, lifespan, and function

A

Segmented (2-5 lobe) nucleus increasing with age
Basophilic nucleus
Can see drum-stick appendage or Barr body
Lots of neutrophilic granules and fewer azurophilic granules
Circulate 9-10 hours and enter connective tissue…live 1-2 days
Acute inflammation
Become PMLs after they leave blood

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15
Q

Band neutrophils

A

Immature neutrophils (1-2%)

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16
Q

Neutrohpilia could mean

A

Acute response to bacterial infection

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17
Q

Shift to the left

A

Increase in number of immature neutros leaving bone marrow and entering peripheral blood

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18
Q

Eosinophil appearance, function, lifespan

A

2 lobe nucleus
Specific granules exhibit crystalline core and similar to lysosomes
Circulate 1-10 hours
Allergic responses (ag/ab) and can clog kidneys

19
Q

Eosinophilia indicates

A

Allergic reaction

20
Q

Eosinophils produce

A

HIstaminase and aryl sulfatase B

21
Q

Basophil appearance function and lifespan

A 
Bi-lobed nucleus 
Granules with heparin and histamine 
Systemic allergic reactions and type 1 hypersensitivity reactions 
Found in phagocytic 
Large blue granules
22
Q

Hematopoeisis

A

Blood cell formation

23
Q

Hematopoietic tissues

A

Where hematopoiesis occurs
Begins in wall of yolk sac
By 6th week moves to liver where erythropoiesis is more pronounced than myelopoeisis
Post-natal sites are bone marrow, spleen, lymph nodes, and thymus

24
Q

Erythropoiesis

A

In bone marrow producing RBCs

25
Q

Lymphopoesis

A

Occurs in bone marrow and lymph tissue and makes lymphcytes

26
Q

Myelopoesis

A

producing granulocytes, monocytes, and platelets in bone marrow

27
Q

Bone marrow location

A

In medullary cavity of young long bones and space of spongy bone…replcaed by yellow throughout life…highly cellular connective tissue specialized for development of blood cells

28
Q

Bone marrow functions

A

Initially - growth and remodeling of bone

Secondarily - hematopoetic

29
Q

Bone marrow structure

A

Blood sinuses and spong-like network of hematopoetic cells that lie in cords between sinuses

30
Q

BM components

A

Reticular conn tissue stroma
Hematopoietic cords
Venous sinuses

31
Q

Reticular conn tissue stroma

A

Fromed from reticular cells and fibers (Type 3 collagen)…support developing blood cells and separate from endothelium…secrete CSF

32
Q

Hematopoetic cords

A

Make up parenchyma…filled with blood cells of all type and stages…nests occupy different sites in marrow cords

33
Q

Venous sinuses

A

THin walled vessels positioned between arteries and veins

34
Q

How does new cell enter ciruclation?

A

Penetrate endothelium via diapedesis

35
Q

Macrophages located

A

Close to venous sinuses

36
Q

Myeloid and lymphoid stem cells are

A

Multipotential

37
Q

CFUs

A

Erythroid, megakaryoctye, baso, eosino, and granulocyte-macrophage (monos and neutros_

38
Q

What regulates hematopoiesis>

A

Glycoprotein hormones and stimulating factors

39
Q

Erythropoetin

A

Controls RBC production

40
Q

How are RBCs distinguished vs. others

A

RBCs on basis of color of cytoplasm

Others based on nucleus and granule color

41
Q

Erythroid lineage

A

Basophilic erythroblast - deep blue because rRNA…from proerythroblast and can divide by mitosis
Polychromatophilic erythroblast - gray…last stage cells can dfivide
Orthochromatic erythroblast - pink
Reticulocyte - pink with small rRNA present…mature into RBCS after 1 day in circulation**
RBC - sac of hemoglobin

42
Q

Myeloid lineage

A

Promyelocyte - ROund and foamy looking nucleus….only primary granule sythesis
Myleocyte - Slight indentation…starts to accumulate specific granules…last myeloid cell capable of mitosis
Metamyelocyte - markedly indented and post-mitotic
Band form - nucleus U shaped but not segmeneted
Mature cell- SEGS with segemented granules

43
Q

Platelet formation

A

Undergo endoreduplication to cause multilobulated nucleus
sER is important
Strips of platelets (cytoplasmic segmenets of megakaryocytes) differentiate into individual platelets

Heme/Lymph 1 (14 decks)

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