Blood and CS

Question 1

What is bacteraemia?

Answer 1

Presence of bacteria in blood detected via blood culture

Question 2

What is transient bacteraemia?

Answer 2

Single episode lasting a short period of time

Question 3

What is intermittent bacteraemia?

Answer 3

Bacteria enters blood stream at various times

Question 4

What is continuous bacteraemia?

Answer 4

Implies that bacterial source is intravascular

Question 5

What is septicaemia?

Answer 5

Prescence of bacteria actively multiplying within the blood leading to sepsis

Question 6

What causes septicaemia to become sepsis?

Answer 6

Multiple organ dysfunction due to cytokine storm

Question 7

What is the structure of streptococcus pneumoniae

Answer 7

Gram positive diplococci

Question 8

How is the non invasive pneumococcal infection transmitted?

Answer 8

Spread via coughing by asymptomatic carriers

Question 9

Who is the vaccine for non invasive pneumococcal infection given to?

Answer 9

Babies and people over 65

Question 10

Why is streptococcus pneumoniae invasive in certain patients?

Answer 10

Due to them being immuno-deficient such as babies or being immuno comprimised

Question 11

Of 5.83 million children deaths, what % where attributed to pneumococcal infections?

Answer 11

5%

Question 12

What is meningitis?

Answer 12

Inflammation of meninges

Question 13

Which type of meningitis is the least serious? Viral, fungal or bacterial

Answer 13

Viral

Question 14

What % of deaths by meningitis do bacterial sources account for?

Answer 14

50%

Question 15

What is the fatality rate of Neisseria meningitidis infections with treatment?

Answer 15

10%

Question 16

What does the tumbler test show?

Answer 16

Rashes present on the skin are caused by damaged blood vessels

Question 17

What colour does the pin prick test go in Neiserria meningitidis?

Answer 17

Red to purple

Question 18

What is one of the telling symptoms of meningitis?

Answer 18

Sensitivity to light

Question 19

How is Neiserria meningitidis diagnosed?

Answer 19

Culturing is performed on blood/chocolate agar from a blood or cereberal sample

Question 20

What is the treatment for Neiserria meningitidis?

Answer 20

Cephalosporin antibiotics, and phophylatic antibiotics for close contacts

Question 21

What is the name of the two antibiotics given for Neiserria meningitidis?

Answer 21

MenB, MenACWY

Question 22

What % of Neiserria meningitidis fatalities occur within 24 hours of diagnosis?

Answer 22

85%

Question 23

What is the structure of Haemophillis influenzae?

Answer 23

Gram negative cocco-baccilus

Question 24

What are the main signs of haemophillis influenzae?

Answer 24

• Meningitis symptoms
• Bacteraemia

Question 25

How is haemophillis influenzae diagnosed?

Answer 25

• Gram stain
• Slide aggulation for specific serotype

Question 26

What does the Hib Vaccine target?

Answer 26

The polysaccharide capsule

Question 27

Where is streptococcus algalactiae GBS typically present

Answer 27

Within the intestional flora

Question 28

Who does streptococcus algalactiae GBS infect?

Answer 28

Typically mothers and their babies

Question 29

How is GBS streptococcus prevented?

Answer 29

Culturing is done 5 weeks pre-delivery to ensure that vaccinations can be given to the mother

Question 30

What type of vaccine are in clinical trials to prevent GBS?

Answer 30

Polysaccharide conjugate vaccines