Blood and Circulation Flashcards
Atrium
A heart chamber that receives blood then forces it into the ventricle
Artery
Blood vessel that distributes oxygenated blood throughout the body
Capillary
very thin blood vessels which help connect arteries and veins
Double circulation
a system where blood takes 2 distinct circuits
Haemoglobin
a protein in red blood cells which carry oxygen.
Contains a protein called heme which binds with oxygen
Oxyhaemoglobin
a bright red substance. Haemoglobin bound to oxygen
Urea
After the liver breaks down protein, urea is made as a chemical waste product.
Vein
blood vessels that carry deoxygenated blood to the heart
Coronary heart disease
When the coronary artery is blocked
Which side of the heart has oxygenated blood
The left side
Which side of the heart has deoxygenated blood
The right side
What is the name of the vein between the liver and gut
The hepatic portal vein
Which veins/arteries are on the right side of the heart
Pulmonary artery and Vena Cava
Which veins/arteries are on the left side of the heart
Pulmonary vein and Aorta
What is the name of valve on the right side of the heart
atrioventricular valve (tricuspid valve)
What is the name of valve on the left side of the heart
atrioventricular valve (bicuspid valve)
What does the aorta do
bring oxygenated blood to the body
what does the pulmonary artery do
bring deoxygenated blood to the lungs
what does the vena cava do
bring deoxygenated blood from the body to the heart
what does the pulmonary vein do
bring oxygenated from the lungs to the heart
Where does the heart get its minerals from
The coronary artery
What does the tissue of the heart need to keep it working
oxygen and glucose
consequences of coronary heart disease
Blood clots getting stuck
Irregular breathing (less oxygen being transferred)
Cells dying
2 different types of coronary heart disease
Angina and Cardiac Arrest
What is Angina
when the coronary artery is narrowed down by Atheroma (cholesterol and plaque)
What is Cardiac Arrest
When the coronary artery is fully blocked. (Atheroma and a blood clot)
Main avoidable risks factors for getting heart disease
High blood pressure
Poor diet (obesity)
Smoking
Main unavoidable risk factors for getting heart disease
Age
Gender/sex
genetic factors
Statins
Drugs that stop the liver producing more cholesterol
Where do arteries send blood
from the lungs away from the heart to the body
Where do veins send blood
from the body to the heart
Is blood in arteries oxygenated
Oxygenated blood
Low CO2 content
is blood in veins oxygenated
Deoxygenated blood
Higher CO2 content
About Arteries
High blood pressure and fast flow of blood
High pulse and thick walls
About veins
Low blood pressure and slow flow of blood
No pulse
Has valves
What are capillaries
Small blood vessels that link arteries to veins
What passes through capillaries
water, CO2, urea and lactic acid
How capillaries adapted for diffusion
Have large lumen - slower flow of blood
Many capillaries throughout body
Thin walls
Urea
A chemical waste product made by the liver after breaking down proteins
Lactic Acid
substance made by muscle tissue and red blood cells
Different blood cells
Platelets (blood clotting)
Red blood cells
White blood cells (immune response
Types of white blood cells
Phagocytes (engulf and digest bacteria using cytoplasm and enzymes)
Lymphocytes (antibodies and antitoxins)
What is blood plasma made of
water (90%)
dissolved nutrients (10%)
Types of dissolved nutrients
Proteins (antibodies, clotting factors)
hormones
products of digestion (glucose, amino acids, glycerol)
minerals
waste products
Platelets
small fragments of cells involved in blood clotting
Blood clotting process
Enzyme controlled reactions
change of fibrinogen to fibrin (insoluble blood protein)
forms a network of fibres trapping blood cells
Adaptations of red blood cells
Biconcave shape
No nucleus
Filled with haemoglobin
Haemoglobin
A light red protein which binds with oxygen.
Needs Iron to be made
Oxyheamoglobin
Oxygenated haemoglobin
How stents are fitted
Incision made over groin wrist or arm over artery
A sheath is inserted into coronary artery
A catheter passed through the sheath
A wire is passed and balloon blows up
How replacement heart valves work
replace aortic valves
Incision made in chest and heart is stopped
Mechanical valve + balloon placed over leaky valve
Biological valve replaces leaky valve
How artificial pacemakers work
Pulse generator placed below collarbone
lead connects to generator into right atrium wall.
Send electrical signals (small metal electrodes) to keep heart pumping
