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Biology AQA GCSE > Blood and Circulation > Flashcards

Blood and Circulation Flashcards

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1
Q

Atrium

A

A heart chamber that receives blood then forces it into the ventricle

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2
Q

Artery

A

Blood vessel that distributes oxygenated blood throughout the body

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3
Q

Capillary

A

very thin blood vessels which help connect arteries and veins

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4
Q

Double circulation

A

a system where blood takes 2 distinct circuits

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5
Q

Haemoglobin

A

a protein in red blood cells which carry oxygen.

Contains a protein called heme which binds with oxygen

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6
Q

Oxyhaemoglobin

A

a bright red substance. Haemoglobin bound to oxygen

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7
Q

Urea

A

After the liver breaks down protein, urea is made as a chemical waste product.

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8
Q

Vein

A

blood vessels that carry deoxygenated blood to the heart

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9
Q

Coronary heart disease

A

When the coronary artery is blocked

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10
Q

Which side of the heart has oxygenated blood

A

The left side

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11
Q

Which side of the heart has deoxygenated blood

A

The right side

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12
Q

What is the name of the vein between the liver and gut

A

The hepatic portal vein

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13
Q

Which veins/arteries are on the right side of the heart

A

Pulmonary artery and Vena Cava

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14
Q

Which veins/arteries are on the left side of the heart

A

Pulmonary vein and Aorta

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15
Q

What is the name of valve on the right side of the heart

A

atrioventricular valve (tricuspid valve)

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16
Q

What is the name of valve on the left side of the heart

A

atrioventricular valve (bicuspid valve)

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17
Q

What does the aorta do

A

bring oxygenated blood to the body

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18
Q

what does the pulmonary artery do

A

bring deoxygenated blood to the lungs

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19
Q

what does the vena cava do

A

bring deoxygenated blood from the body to the heart

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20
Q

what does the pulmonary vein do

A

bring oxygenated from the lungs to the heart

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21
Q

Where does the heart get its minerals from

A

The coronary artery

22
Q

What does the tissue of the heart need to keep it working

A

oxygen and glucose

23
Q

consequences of coronary heart disease

A

Blood clots getting stuck
Irregular breathing (less oxygen being transferred)
Cells dying

24
Q

2 different types of coronary heart disease

A

Angina and Cardiac Arrest

25
Q

What is Angina

A

when the coronary artery is narrowed down by Atheroma (cholesterol and plaque)

26
Q

What is Cardiac Arrest

A

When the coronary artery is fully blocked. (Atheroma and a blood clot)

27
Q

Main avoidable risks factors for getting heart disease

A

High blood pressure
Poor diet (obesity)
Smoking

28
Q

Main unavoidable risk factors for getting heart disease

A

Age
Gender/sex
genetic factors

29
Q

Statins

A

Drugs that stop the liver producing more cholesterol

30
Q

Where do arteries send blood

A

from the lungs away from the heart to the body

31
Q

Where do veins send blood

A

from the body to the heart

32
Q

Is blood in arteries oxygenated

A

Oxygenated blood
Low CO2 content

33
Q

is blood in veins oxygenated

A

Deoxygenated blood
Higher CO2 content

34
Q

About Arteries

A

High blood pressure and fast flow of blood
High pulse and thick walls

35
Q

About veins

A

Low blood pressure and slow flow of blood
No pulse
Has valves

36
Q

What are capillaries

A

Small blood vessels that link arteries to veins

37
Q

What passes through capillaries

A

water, CO2, urea and lactic acid

38
Q

How capillaries adapted for diffusion

A

Have large lumen - slower flow of blood
Many capillaries throughout body
Thin walls

39
Q

Urea

A

A chemical waste product made by the liver after breaking down proteins

40
Q

Lactic Acid

A

substance made by muscle tissue and red blood cells

41
Q

Different blood cells

A

Platelets (blood clotting)
Red blood cells
White blood cells (immune response

42
Q

Types of white blood cells

A

Phagocytes (engulf and digest bacteria using cytoplasm and enzymes)
Lymphocytes (antibodies and antitoxins)

43
Q

What is blood plasma made of

A

water (90%)
dissolved nutrients (10%)

44
Q

Types of dissolved nutrients

A

Proteins (antibodies, clotting factors)
hormones
products of digestion (glucose, amino acids, glycerol)
minerals
waste products

45
Q

Platelets

A

small fragments of cells involved in blood clotting

46
Q

Blood clotting process

A

Enzyme controlled reactions
change of fibrinogen to fibrin (insoluble blood protein)
forms a network of fibres trapping blood cells

47
Q

Adaptations of red blood cells

A

Biconcave shape
No nucleus
Filled with haemoglobin

48
Q

Haemoglobin

A

A light red protein which binds with oxygen.
Needs Iron to be made

49
Q

Oxyheamoglobin

A

Oxygenated haemoglobin

50
Q

How stents are fitted

A

Incision made over groin wrist or arm over artery
A sheath is inserted into coronary artery
A catheter passed through the sheath
A wire is passed and balloon blows up

51
Q

How replacement heart valves work

A

replace aortic valves
Incision made in chest and heart is stopped
Mechanical valve + balloon placed over leaky valve
Biological valve replaces leaky valve

52
Q

How artificial pacemakers work

A

Pulse generator placed below collarbone
lead connects to generator into right atrium wall.
Send electrical signals (small metal electrodes) to keep heart pumping

Biology AQA GCSE (2 decks)

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