Blood and Circulation

Question 1

Atrium

Answer 1

A heart chamber that receives blood then forces it into the ventricle

Question 2

Artery

Answer 2

Blood vessel that distributes oxygenated blood throughout the body

Question 3

Capillary

Answer 3

very thin blood vessels which help connect arteries and veins

Question 4

Double circulation

Answer 4

a system where blood takes 2 distinct circuits

Question 5

Haemoglobin

Answer 5

a protein in red blood cells which carry oxygen.

Contains a protein called heme which binds with oxygen

Question 6

Oxyhaemoglobin

Answer 6

a bright red substance. Haemoglobin bound to oxygen

Question 7

Urea

Answer 7

After the liver breaks down protein, urea is made as a chemical waste product.

Question 8

Vein

Answer 8

blood vessels that carry deoxygenated blood to the heart

Question 9

Coronary heart disease

Answer 9

When the coronary artery is blocked

Question 10

Which side of the heart has oxygenated blood

Answer 10

The left side

Question 11

Which side of the heart has deoxygenated blood

Answer 11

The right side

Question 12

What is the name of the vein between the liver and gut

Answer 12

The hepatic portal vein

Question 13

Which veins/arteries are on the right side of the heart

Answer 13

Pulmonary artery and Vena Cava

Question 14

Which veins/arteries are on the left side of the heart

Answer 14

Pulmonary vein and Aorta

Question 15

What is the name of valve on the right side of the heart

Answer 15

atrioventricular valve (tricuspid valve)

Question 16

What is the name of valve on the left side of the heart

Answer 16

atrioventricular valve (bicuspid valve)

Question 17

What does the aorta do

Answer 17

bring oxygenated blood to the body

Question 18

what does the pulmonary artery do

Answer 18

bring deoxygenated blood to the lungs

Question 19

what does the vena cava do

Answer 19

bring deoxygenated blood from the body to the heart

Question 20

what does the pulmonary vein do

Answer 20

bring oxygenated from the lungs to the heart

Question 21

Where does the heart get its minerals from

Answer 21

The coronary artery

Question 22

What does the tissue of the heart need to keep it working

Answer 22

oxygen and glucose

Question 23

consequences of coronary heart disease

Answer 23

Blood clots getting stuck
Irregular breathing (less oxygen being transferred)
Cells dying

Question 24

2 different types of coronary heart disease

Answer 24

Angina and Cardiac Arrest

Question 25

What is Angina

Answer 25

when the coronary artery is narrowed down by Atheroma (cholesterol and plaque)

Question 26

What is Cardiac Arrest

Answer 26

When the coronary artery is fully blocked. (Atheroma and a blood clot)

Question 27

Main avoidable risks factors for getting heart disease

Answer 27

High blood pressure Poor diet (obesity) Smoking

Question 28

Main unavoidable risk factors for getting heart disease

Answer 28

Age Gender/sex genetic factors

Question 29

Statins

Answer 29

Drugs that stop the liver producing more cholesterol

Question 30

Where do arteries send blood

Answer 30

from the lungs away from the heart to the body

Question 31

Where do veins send blood

Answer 31

from the body to the heart

Question 32

Is blood in arteries oxygenated

Answer 32

Oxygenated blood Low CO2 content

Question 33

is blood in veins oxygenated

Answer 33

Deoxygenated blood Higher CO2 content

Question 34

About Arteries

Answer 34

High blood pressure and fast flow of blood High pulse and thick walls

Question 35

About veins

Answer 35

Low blood pressure and slow flow of blood No pulse Has valves

Question 36

What are capillaries

Answer 36

Small blood vessels that link arteries to veins

Question 37

What passes through capillaries

Answer 37

water, CO2, urea and lactic acid

Question 38

How capillaries adapted for diffusion

Answer 38

Have large lumen - slower flow of blood Many capillaries throughout body Thin walls

Question 39

Urea

Answer 39

A chemical waste product made by the liver after breaking down proteins

Question 40

Lactic Acid

Answer 40

substance made by muscle tissue and red blood cells

Question 41

Different blood cells

Answer 41

Platelets (blood clotting) Red blood cells White blood cells (immune response

Question 42

Types of white blood cells

Answer 42

Phagocytes (engulf and digest bacteria using cytoplasm and enzymes) Lymphocytes (antibodies and antitoxins)

Question 43

What is blood plasma made of

Answer 43

water (90%) dissolved nutrients (10%)

Question 44

Types of dissolved nutrients

Answer 44

Proteins (antibodies, clotting factors) hormones products of digestion (glucose, amino acids, glycerol) minerals waste products

Question 45

Platelets

Answer 45

small fragments of cells involved in blood clotting

Question 46

Blood clotting process

Answer 46

Enzyme controlled reactions change of fibrinogen to fibrin (insoluble blood protein) forms a network of fibres trapping blood cells

Question 47

Adaptations of red blood cells

Answer 47

Biconcave shape No nucleus Filled with haemoglobin

Question 48

Haemoglobin

Answer 48

A light red protein which binds with oxygen. Needs Iron to be made

Question 49

Oxyheamoglobin

Answer 49

Oxygenated haemoglobin

Question 50

How stents are fitted

Answer 50

Incision made over groin wrist or arm over artery A sheath is inserted into coronary artery A catheter passed through the sheath A wire is passed and balloon blows up

Question 51

How replacement heart valves work

Answer 51

replace aortic valves Incision made in chest and heart is stopped Mechanical valve + balloon placed over leaky valve Biological valve replaces leaky valve

Question 52

How artificial pacemakers work

Answer 52

Pulse generator placed below collarbone lead connects to generator into right atrium wall. Send electrical signals (small metal electrodes) to keep heart pumping