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KB Histology IMMS > Blood and Blood Vessels > Flashcards

Blood and Blood Vessels Flashcards

1
Q

What is the name given to immature RBCs

A

Reticulocytes

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2
Q

How much of the RBC circulating population is composed of reticulocytes

A

Less than 1%

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3
Q

What can be seen within reticulocytes to define them from other cells

A

Blue-staining remnants of cytoplasmic organelles notably the remains of the ribosomes used to synthesise the haemoglobin

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4
Q

Broadly, what are the two classes that you can divide different WBCs into

A

Granulocytes – 3 to 4 agranulocyte – 5 to 6

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5
Q

When would there be a increase in reticulocytes in the circulating blood

A

Severe loss of blood - several pints

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6
Q

What is the most common type of WBC in peripheral blood

A

Neutrophils

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7
Q

What is the function of neutrophils

A

They are phagocytotic. They will engolf and destroy bacteria circulating in the blood. Most of them leave the bloodstream to enter tissues.

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8
Q

What is the average number of lobes visible within a neutrophil

A

4

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9
Q

There are three types of granules within neutrophils. What are they

A

Type one – lysozymes involved in digesting foreign material Type II – unique to neutrophil, secreted from cell and is involved in the regulation of inflammatory response Type three – contains enzymes which facilitate the insertion of proteins into membrane of the cell surface when secreted

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10
Q

What distinguishes eosinophils from other WBCs

A

Bi- or tri-lobed nucleus and prominent dark pink granules

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11
Q

What is the function of eosinophils

A

They phagocytose antigen/Antibody complexes

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12
Q

What is the least common of all WBCs

A

Basophils

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13
Q

How can you identify basophils

A

Large blue granules which appear to fill the cell

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14
Q

What is the function of basophils

A

Similar to mast cells. They play a role in allergic reactions and secrete histamine and a range of other vasoactive substances that increase bloodflow

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15
Q

What is the most common type of WBC in circulating blood

A

Lymphocytes

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16
Q

How can you distinguish lymphocytes from other WBCs

A

Round dark blue nucleus and thin rim of paler blue cytoplasm

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17
Q

In what ways do basophils interact with eosinophils

A

Basophils secrete histamine that is a potent vasodilator and results in inflammation. Eosinophils acts to neutralise the action of histamine

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18
Q

How big are lymphocytes

A

Larger than RBCs but smaller than neutrophils. Average of 12.6 um

19
Q

How can you identify monocytes

A

A kidney shaped nucleus and large amounts of pale blue cytoplasm

20
Q

What are monocytes

A

Immature circulating forms of WBCs that are ready to differentiate

21
Q

Which two organs have fixed macrophages derived from circulating monocytes

A

Liver and spleen

22
Q

Where are platelets derived from

A

Megakaryocytes

23
Q

What is the thinnest layer of a wall of an artery/vein

A

Intima

24
Q

What is the medial layer of vessels composed of

A

Smoothmuscle. In veins it often contains collagen as well

25
Q

What difference would you find in the media layer of major arterial vessels close to the heart

A

The smooth muscle is heavily reinforced with concentric sheets of elastic tissue

26
Q

What histologically visible difference differentiates arteries from arterioles

A

Arterioles have three or less layers of smooth-muscle in the medial layer. They normally lack an external elastic lamina and often the internal elastic lamina is poorly developed

27
Q

What’s characteristic features do lymphatics show

A

Irregular outline, thin walls composed of collagen, elastic fibres and few smooth muscle cells. They contain valves

28
Q

What are valves made from

A

Strands of collagen surrounded by endothelium on both surfaces

29
Q

What are the two types of capillaries

A

Continuous and fenestrated

30
Q

What is the average diameter of RBCs

A

7.8 um

31
Q

Does all the blood pass through a capillary bed on it’s way around the body

A

Not necessarily – there are lots of arterio venous shunts

32
Q

What is the main constituents of adventitia

A

Elastic and collagen fibres

33
Q

Where are RBC cells formed

A

Bone marrow

34
Q

Where are macrophages found

A

Circulating in the blood and in alveolar air spaces

35
Q

What are innominate arteries

A

Those which arise from the aorta

36
Q

What type of cells are these

A

Reticulocytes

37
Q

What cell is this

A
38
Q

What cell is this

A

neutrophils

39
Q

What cell is this

A

eosinophil

40
Q

What cell is this

A

lymphocyte

41
Q

What cell is this

A
42
Q

What cell is this

A
43
Q
A

KB Histology IMMS (2 decks)

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