Blood and Blood Products Flashcards
Dx requiring whole blood transfusion
excessive blood loss: Hgb 6-10 g/dL; depends on findings
Dx requiring FFP
coagulation factor deficiency such as hemophilia
Dx requiring PRBC transfusion
- anemia: Hgb 6-10 g/dL; depends on findings
- kidney failure
Dx requiring platelet transfusion
thrombocytopenia/platelet dysfunction: Plt < 20,000, < 80,000 if active bleed
A blood type
- contains A antigen
- antibodies against B
- receives A, O
B blood type
- contains B antigen
- antibodies against A
- receives B, O
AB blood type
- contains AB antigen
- no antibodies
- receives A, B, AB, O
O blood type
- no antigens
- antibodies against A, B
- receives O
transfusion types
- homologous
- autologous
- intraoperative blood salvage
homologous transfusion
blood from donors
autologous
patient’s own blood
intraoperative blood salvage
- blood lost in certain surgeries recycled through cell-saver machine, transfused intra- or postoperatively
- orthopedic surgery
- CABG
blood components
- albumin
- clotting factors
- cryoprecipitate
- packed RBCs
- plasma
- platelets
- prothrombin complex
transfusion rxns
- acute hemolytic
- febrile
- mild allergic
- anaphylactic
acute hemolytic rxn
- onset: immediate
- s/sx
- chills
- fever
- low back pain
- tachycardia
- flushing
- hypotension
- chest tightening
- pain
- tachypnea
- nausea
- anxiety
- hemoglobinuria
- CV collapse
- renal failure
- DIC
- shock
- death
febrile rxn
- onset: 30 min to 6 hr
- s/sx
- chills
- fever
- flushing
- headache
- anxiety
- interventions
- use WBC filter
- give antipyretic
mild allergic rxn
- onset: during transfusion or up to 24 hr
- s/sx
- itching
- urticaria (hives)
- flushing
- intervention: antihistamine such as diphenhydramine
anaphylactic rxn
- onset: immediate
- s/sx
- wheezing
- dyspnea
- chest tightness
- cyanosis
- hypotension
- interventions
- maintain airway
- O2
- IV fluids
- antihistamine
- corticosteroid
- vasopressor
blood/blood product transfusion complications
- circulatory overload
- sepsis and septic shock
circulatory overload risk factor
impaired cardiac fxn
circulatory overload s/sx
- dyspnea
- chest tightness
- tachycardia
- tachypnea
- headache
- HTN
- JVD
- peripheral edema
- orthopnea
- sudden anxiety
- crackles in lung bases
circulatory overload interventions
- O2
- monitor VS
- slow infuction rate
- give diuretics as prescribed
- notify provider immediately
sepsis/septic shock s/sx
- fever
- nausea
- vomiting
- abd pain
- chills
- hypotension
sepsis/septic shock interventions
- maintain patent airway
- O2
- samples for blood cultures
- antibiotics as prescribed
- vasopressors (i.e. dopamine) in late phase
- elevate feet
