ATI Blood Admin

Question 1

allogeneic

Answer 1

• of the same species but antigenically distinct
• applied to blood transfusion, referring to blood from a donor

Question 2

anaphylaxis

Answer 2

an immediate and life-threatening allergic response characterized by bronchospasm, laryngeal edema, and a rapid drop in blood pressure

Question 3

antibody

Answer 3

type of protein the immune system produces to neutralize a threat of some kind, such as an infecting organism, a chemical, or some other foreign body

Question 4

antigen

Answer 4

any substance capable, under appropriate conditions, of inducing a specific immune response and of triggering the production of an antibody specific to that substance

Question 5

apheresis

Answer 5

a process that separates donor blood into its components, removes the needed plasma or cellular elements, and returns the remainder to the donor

Question 6

autologous

Answer 6

• originating within an organism itself
• applied to blood transfusion, referring to the person’s own blood

Question 7

blood component

Answer 7

any portion of a unit of blood that can be transfused to meet a patient’s specific needs

Question 8

blood group

Answer 8

any of the classifications based on the antigens that are found on red blood cells (ABO)

Question 9

blood product

Answer 9

whole blood or any portion of a unit of blood that can be transfused to meet a patient’s specific needs

Question 10

compatibility

Answer 10

• the absence of demonstrable immunologic reactivity between a recipient’s serum or plasma and the donor’s cells
• the lack of a transfusion reaction between donor and recipient

Question 11

cryoprecipitate

Answer 11

an insoluble concentrate of certain coagulation factors obtained from fresh frozen plasma

Question 12

erythrocyte

Answer 12

• a blood cell whose primary function is oxygen and carbon-dioxide transport
• a red blood cell

Question 13

granulocyte

Answer 13

• a type of white blood cell with granule-containing cytoplasm
• neutrophils, eosinophils, and basophils

Question 14

hematocrit

Answer 14

the percentage of a blood sample that is red blood cells

Question 15

hemoglobin

Answer 15

the red, oxygen-carrying pigment of red blood cells

Question 16

leukocyte

Answer 16

a white blood cell

Question 17

plasma

Answer 17

the liquid portion of the blood in which the particulate components are suspended

Question 18

platelet

Answer 18

a cellular component of blood that helps with clotting

Question 19

refractory

Answer 19

• resistant to treatment
• applied to blood transfusion, referring to an immunologic response developed after frequent exposure to donor cells or serum, resulting in resistance to treatment

Question 20

thrombocytopenia

Answer 20

low platelet count

Question 21

transfusion

Answer 21

introduction of whole blood or blood components directly into the bloodstream

Question 22

indications for use of whole blood

Answer 22

• when compatible component is not available
• when a pt loses a large amount of blood

Question 23

Why is whole blood only used in certain circumstances?

Answer 23

it affects volume

Question 24

fractionating

Answer 24

separating whole blood into components

Question 25

blood-component therapy

Answer 25

administering only the fractionated components specific to a pt’s needs

Question 26

packed red blood cells

Answer 26

• RBCs separated from whole blood
• raise hct and hgb levels without significantly raising volume
• kept refrigerated at specific temp or frozen

Question 27

indications for admin of packed RBCs

Answer 27

• anemia from neoplastic blood disease
• reduced RBC production
• sickle-cell anemia
• blood loss from trauma or surgery
• to offset chemo SE

Question 28

plasma components

Answer 28

• 92% water
• 7% proteins
  
  • albumin
  • fibrinogen
  • globulin
  • other clotting proteins

Question 29

plasma function

Answer 29

• medium for exchange of minerals and electrolytes
• medium for elimination of waste products
• maintains blood pressure/volume
• provides essential proteins

Question 30

plasma indications

Answer 30

• treat bleeding and coagulation disorders
• replace fluid volume for patients with massive burns or liver failure
• replace platelet-aggregating inhibitors in thrombocytopenic purpura or hemolytic uremic syndrome

Question 31

How soon must plasma be administered once thawed?

Answer 31

within 24 hrs

Question 32

albumin admin

Answer 32

• given in 5% or 25% solutions
• comes from multiple donors

Question 33

immune globulin

Answer 33

• concentrated solution of IgG antibody
• prepared from large pools of plasma
• IVIG given to pts at risk for bacterial infection (e.g. chronic leukemia)
• remains viable for 10 hrs at 140F to eliminate viral contaminants

Question 34

cryoprecipitate antihemophilic factor

Answer 34

• “cryo”
• prepared by slowly thawing frozen plasma and recovering the precipitate
• contains coagulation factors VIII and XIII, fibrinogen, von Willebrand factor (VIII/vWF), and fibronectin
• transfused to prevent or control bleeding in hemophilia, correct low fibrinogen levels, and treat von Willebrand disease and other clotting disorders
• typically freeze-dried and reconstituted before transfusion via a syringe.

Question 35

platelets

Answer 35

• helps the clotting process by sticking to the lining of blood vessels
• extracted from plasma by centrifugation
• usually takes several units of whole blood to get enough for treatment
• apheresis or plateletpheresis: centrifuges and extracts platelets while returning red cells and plasma to donor
• usually pooled from up to 10 pts and infused over 15 to 30 minutes
• to treat thrombocytopenia and platelet-function abnormalities