blood and blood cells

Question 1

5 functions of blood

Answer 1

transport, heat distribution, immunity, homeostasis, haemostasis to decrease bleeding

Question 2

4 components of blood

Answer 2

erythrocytes, leukocytes, plasma, platelets

Question 3

leukocytes in order of concentration (low to high)

Answer 3

basophil, eosinophil, monocyte (macrophage), lymphocyte, neutrophil

Question 4

features of erythrocytes

Answer 4

biconcave to increase SA:volume ratio, no nuclei or organelles, antigens on surface specific to group

Question 5

name of erythrocyte production

Answer 5

erythropoiesis

Question 6

types of phagocytes

Answer 6

polymorphonuclear granulocytes, monocytes, dendritic cells

Question 7

types of polymorphonuclear granulocytes

Answer 7

neutrophil, eosinophil, basophil

Question 8

function of neutrophil

Answer 8

engulf

Question 9

functions of eosinophil

Answer 9

allergy and parasitic infections

Question 10

functions of basophil

Answer 10

histamine causing anaphylaxis, inflammation, allergic response

Question 11

features of polymorphonuclear granulocytes

Answer 11

multilobed nuclei, cytoplasmic granules, arrive first

Question 12

general functions of polymorphonuclear granulocytes

Answer 12

kill pathogens, release inflammatory mediators, oxygen radicals, chemotaxins

Question 13

features of monocytes

Answer 13

large nucleus, arrive later

Question 14

what do monocytes mature into

Answer 14

macrophages

Question 15

functions of macrophages

Answer 15

stimulate angiogenesis, role in immune response and inflammation within tissues, antigen-presentation

Question 16

role of dendritic cells

Answer 16

antigen-presentation

Question 17

2 types of lymphocytes

Answer 17

B and T

Question 18

where do B-lymphocytes originate and mature

Answer 18

bone marrow

Question 19

what immunity are B-lymphocytes responsible for

Answer 19

humoral as release antibodies

Question 20

functions of antibodies (BACON)

Answer 20

binding, agglutination, coagulation, opsonisation, neutralisation

Question 21

what can B-lymphocytes become to provide a rapid 2nd response

Answer 21

B-memory cells

Question 22

where do T-lymphocytes originate and mature

Answer 22

bone marrow then thymus

Question 23

what do T-lymphocytes undergo in response to antigen binding

Answer 23

blast transformation

Question 24

what soluble mediators do T-lymphocytes release to also cause blast transformation

Answer 24

chemotaxins, lymphotoxin (cell), interferon (virus)

Question 25

what are platelets involved in

Answer 25

clot/thrombus formation

Question 26

what are platelets

Answer 26

cell fragments without a nucleus

Question 27

functions of plasma

Answer 27

fluid carrier, solvent for proteins (clotting, carrier molecules), exert osmotic pressure