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Nursing 1 > Blood/Airborne Pathogens & Pain Management (Ch 19) > Flashcards

Blood/Airborne Pathogens & Pain Management (Ch 19) Flashcards

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1
Q

What are the chains of transmission?

A 
Organism
Reservoir
Portal of Exit 
Transmission
Portal of Entry
Vulnerable Hosts
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2
Q

OSHA Stands For?

A

Occupational Safety and Health Administration

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3
Q

What are engineering Controls?

A 
Hand Washing Station
Eye Wash Station
Sharps Container 
Biohazard Labels 
Needless Devices
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4
Q

A Sharps container must meet the following criteria to meet standard:

A 
Must be closable
Never more than 3/4 full
Puncture Resistant 
Leak Proof on sides & bottom
Labeled or Color Coded
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5
Q

Occurs when blood or other potentially infected materials come in contact with mucous membranes or non-intact skin

A

Transmission

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6
Q

Helps minimize the transmission of aerosol - transmissible pathogens

A

Respiratory Hygiene

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7
Q

Standard Precautions Recommend?

A

Hand Hygiene

Respiratory Hygiene, cough etiquette, safe injection practices, use of gown, gloves, mask, and eye protection

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8
Q

Blood, saliva, mucous, sweat, semen, vaginal secretion, cerebrospinal fluid, and any body fluid with visible blood are substances that require?

A

Standard Precautions

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9
Q

Recommended to provide additional precautions beyond standard precautions to interrupt transmission of pathogens.

A

Transmission Based Precautions

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10
Q

Protect from infections spread by skin-to-skin contact or contact with other surfaces such as linen.

A

Contact Precautions

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11
Q

Used for infections caused by large droplet. Can be spread by coughing, talking, or sneezing.

A

Droplet Precautions

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12
Q

Used for infections that spread small particles in the air such as chicken pox and TB

A

Airborne Precautions

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13
Q

An inflammation of the liver caused by drugs, poisons, toxins, or blood borne pathogens.

A

Hepatitis

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14
Q 
Symptoms generally last 4 to 6 weeks 
Jaundice* 
Fatigue
Abdominal Pain
Loss of Appetite 
Intermittent Nausea
Vomiting 
Fever
Joint Pain
Gray colored stools*
A

Hepatitis B (HBV)

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15
Q

Most chronic bloodborne infection in the US. Transmitted primarily through large or repeated direct percutaneous exposures to blood. Prevention directed toward use of engineering and work practice controls.

A

Hepatitis C

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16
Q

A condition in which the body is unable to gift off infection or destroy mutated cells. Standard Precautions/ PPE keys to prevention

A

HIV

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17
Q

Inflammation of the protective membranes (meninges) covering the brain and spinal cord. Bacterial form is highly contagious and more serious than viral but viral is most common form.

A

Meningitis

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18
Q

Highly communicable bacterial respiratory infection caused by bordetella pertussis. Diagnosis made by sputum specimen.

A

Pertussis (Whooping Cough)

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19
Q

Stress & Anxiety
Stimulation of narrow nerve fibers
Injury or tissue damage stimulates narrow nerve fibers
ALL EXMAPLES OF?

A

Open Gate Causes

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20
Q

Decreased stress & anxiety
Exercise, heat, cold, massage
Endorphins - natural body chemicals produced by pleasant thoughts or feelings
ALL EXAMPLES OF

A

Closed Gate Causes

21
Q

Pain that comes on suddenly and has a short duration, usually 6 months or less

A

Acute Pain

22
Q

Pain that lasts longer than 6 months

A

Chronic Pain

23
Q

Pain that comes and goes at intervals

A

Intermittent Pain

24
Q

Pain that cannot be relieved, pain that is incurable or resistant to treatment.
EX: Cancer Pain

A

Intractable Pain

25
Q

Pain that is felt in an area other than where the pain is produced.
EX: Pain felt in the jaw or arm during a MI due to lack of O2 supply.

A

Referred Pain

26
Q

Pain that begins at a specific site and shoots or extends to a larger area

A

Radiating Pain

27
Q

Nerve pain receptors

A

Nociceptors

28
Q

2 of the chemicals that can stimulate nerve pain receptors are?
Release during injury and damage to the tissue

A

Substance P

Prostaglandins

29
Q

Elicits localized tissue reactions similar to inflammation

A

Substance P

30
Q

Hormones that act in the immediate area and initiate inflammation

A

Prostaglandins

31
Q

Pain that is more superficial or on the surface of the skin

Ex: Paper Cut

A

Cutaneous Pain

32
Q

Pain experienced from stimulation of deep internal pain receptors

A

Visceral Pain

33
Q

Pain in bone, ligament, or tendon

A

Deep Somatic Pain

34
Q

Pain that is usually burning, stabbing, or sometimes a deep ache. Occurs due to injury or destruction of peripheral nerves or the central nervous system

A

Neuropathic Pain

35
Q

Type of neuropathic pain where patient feels pain from an area that has been amputated

A

Phantom Limb Pain

36
Q

The body responds to pain:

A

Physiologically
Psychologically
Behaviorally

37
Q

A means to assist or aid another treatment, therefore increasing effectiveness

A

Adjuvant Therapy

38
Q

Types of Distractions are?

A

Visual
Auditory
Tactile
Intellectual

39
Q

Reduce inflammation and pain at the site of the injury. Over-The-Counter.
Most Common: Ibuprofen, Naproxen, Aspirin

A

NSAIDS

Non Steroid Anti-Inflammatory Drugs

40
Q

Used when non-opioid medications are ineffective in relieving moderate to severe pain. Usually effective in relieving visceral pain and deep somatic pain

A

Narcotic Analgesics

41
Q

Opiates and opioids can be administered:

A 
Orally
Rectally
Subcutaneously (Sq)
Intramuscular (IM)
Intravenous (IV)
42
Q

Relaxation begins, lightest sleep, easy to arouse.

A

Stage I of Sleep

43
Q

Relaxation deepens, begin to experience sound sleep but still relatively easy to arouse. Usually lasts about 15-20 mins

A

Stage II of Sleep

44
Q

Lasts about 15-30 minutes, body rests and restores during this sleep.

A

Stage III of Sleep

45
Q

Becomes difficult to arouse, this is the deepest sleep, body rests and is restored

A

Stage IV of Sleep

46
Q

Sleepwalking

A

Somnambulism

47
Q

Confusion or disorientation in elderly patients occurring in the evening hours

A

Sun Downing

48
Q

Grinding of teeth during sleep

A

Bruxism

Nursing 1 (2 decks)

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