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Critical Care Procedures > Blood Administration > Flashcards

Blood Administration Flashcards

1
Q

What is Plasma primarily made up of?

A

90% water

  • Plasma constitutes about 55% of blood volume
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2
Q

What are the three major types of blood antigens?

A
  • A
  • B
  • Rh
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3
Q

What would happen if an individual with Rh- blood were to be exposed to Rh+ blood?

A

the persons body would produce antibodies to the antigens

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4
Q

What would happen if an individual with Rh+ blood were to be exposed to Rh- blood?

A

Nothing

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5
Q

What is the Universal Blood Donor?

A

O Negative (Rh-)

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6
Q

What is the Universal Blood Recipient?

A

AB Positive (Rh+)

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7
Q

What is Type A Blood composed of?

A

RBC (erythrocytes) with type A surface antigens, and Plasma containing type B antibodies.

Attack anything with B.

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8
Q

What is Type B Blood composed of?

A

RBC (erythrocytes) with type B surface antigens, and Plasma containing type A antibodies.

Attack anything with A.

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9
Q

What is Type AB Blood composed of?

A

RBC (erythrocytes) with type A and B surface antigens, and the Plasma have no ABO antibodies.

Dosen’t attack anything.

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10
Q

What is Type O Blood composed of?

A

RBC (erythrocytes) with neither A or B surface antigens, but contains both A and B Plasma antibodies.

Attacks A & B.

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11
Q

What is Blood Typing?

A

The process of classifying individuals based on the antigens on their erythrocytes.

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12
Q

What is the difference between a Type and Cross & Type and Screen?

A

Type and Cross - Specific unit of blood for a specific person

Type and Screen - Test for ABO Type (less specific)

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13
Q

What does Whole Blood consist of?

A
  • RBC
  • Plasma
  • WBC
  • Platelets

EVERYTHING

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14
Q

How should Whole Blood and Packed Red Blood Cells be infused?

A

25 -50 mL in the first 15 minutes

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15
Q

What is the only reason for Whole Blood administration?

A

Only given for Hemorrhagic Shock or Severely anemic patients.

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16
Q

Why should patients who are receiving large volume amounts of whole blood be monitored?

A

Large volume amounts of whole blood can lead to HYPOCALCEMIA, because the citric acid in whole blood binds to calcium.

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17
Q

How long can blood be out warming to room temperature before it can no longer be sent back to the blood bank?

A

30 minutes

18
Q

What is another name for WBC’s? and what do they do?

A

Leukocytes

  • Responsible for protecting the body from invasion of foreign substances
19
Q

What is another name for Platelets? and what do they do?

A

Thrombocytes

  • Assist with blood clotting or the coagulation process
20
Q

What does Packed Red Blood Cells (PRBC) consist of?

A
  • RBC

It will not supply Platelets, clotting factors, WBC’s, or Plasma

21
Q

When is PRBC indicated for administration?

A

Hypovolemia leading to Hypoxia

22
Q

What is Fresh Frozen Plasma (FFP) consist of?

A
  • Plasma

- All Coagulation Factors

23
Q

How should FFP be administered?

A

As fast as the patient tolerates
- 4-10 ml/min
not to exceed 2 hours

Should be given within 6 hours of thawing

24
Q

When is FFP indicated for administration?

A
  • Active Bleeding

- Documented Coagulation factor deficiencies

25
Q

Which types of blood products cause hypocalcemia?

A
  • Whole Blood
  • Packed Red Blood Cells
  • Fresh Frozen Plasma
26
Q

What is Cryoprecipitate consist of?

A
  • Fibrinogen
  • Factors VIII and XIII
  • vonWillebrand Factor

Clotting Factors

27
Q

When is Cryoprecipitate indicated for administration?

A
  • Treat patients with hemophilia A

- Supply clotting factors

28
Q

How is Cryoprecipitate administered?

A

1 mL/ min

not to exceed 4 hours

29
Q

What is the smallest IV catheter that can be used for blood administration?

A

20 gauge

Large bore needle is prefered

30
Q

True or False

Should a Physician be contacted if the patent has a temperature greater than 38 degrees Celsius after blood infusion?

A

True

31
Q

How often should the blood administration set be changed out?

A

Every 4 hours or 2 units of blood

32
Q

What will occur if blood is hung with Lactated Ringers?

A

Calcium in the solution may cause small blood clots

33
Q

Why should dextrose solutions never be used with blood?

A

May cause cell hemolysis

34
Q

What should blood be warmed to for administration?

A

Between 32 - 37 degrees Celsius

35
Q

What is the first thing a medical provider should do if a patient develops a transfusion reaction?

A

Stop the transfusion

36
Q

Can Medications be added to the blood Bag or IV tubing?

A

No

37
Q

How long after a blood transfusion can reactions result?

A

14 days

  • Result in INCREASED heart rate and body temperature
38
Q

How can someone get Ammonia Intoxication?

A

Administration of Older Blood

39
Q

What is 2,3 - DPG?

A

The “crowbar” that forces oxygen off of the Hemoglobin

40
Q

What are the complications with massive blood transfusions?

A

1) Ammonia Intoxication - Old blood
2) Thrombocytopenia - low blood platelet count
3) Coagulation Factor Depletion - Lead to DIC
4) Hypocalcemia
5) Hyperkalemia- caused by hemolysis of stored blood
6) Acid / Base Disturbances
7) Oxygen affinity changes
8) Hypothermia
9) ARDS

41
Q

Where are RBC’s produced?

A

Bone Marrow

Critical Care Procedures (5 decks)

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