Blood Administration Flashcards
patient is transfused new ____________ via ________ access.
RBCs, venous
What are 2 reasons why someone might need a blood transfusion?
blood loss
anemia
What are 2 examples of how someone may experience blood loss?
surgery
trauma
if you do not have on an id band, can you still give blood?
no
no id band=no blood
What are 3 reasons a patient may experience anemia?
Renal failure, cancers, nutrition defiencies, decreased blood cells
What is the role of RBC’s?
carries o2, removes co2, and takes to the lungs
List 4 common signs and symptoms seen with low RBC’s.
pale
fatique
sob
increased HR
As a general guideline, a blood transfusion is recommended when the hemoglobin is between _____ g/dL.
7-8 G/DL
A normal hemoglobin level for a male is between______ g/dL
14-18 G/DL
A normal hemoglobin level for a female is between______ g/dL.
12-16 G/DL
Prior to a blood transfusion, prep work is essential in preventing __________.
TRANSFUSION REACTION
Nugget of Knowledge: Type and Cross Match may also be called
TYPE AND SCREEN
What is an Acute hemolytic transfusion reaction
Incompatibility of ABO blood type or Rh factor
Usually occurs within the first 15 minutes of transfusion
what are the s/s of Acute hemolytic transfusion reaction
Chills
Dyspnea
Fever
Flushing
Infusion site pain
Low back pain
Shock
Tachycardia
Tachypnea
what are your priority interventions:
- Immediately stop transfusion
- Administer diuretics
- Infuse IV normal saline to maintain urine output of at least 1 mg/kg/hr
- Insert urinary catheter if needed
- Prepare to treat shock and DIC if needed
in what order? STOP THE TRANSFUSION FIRST!!!!!
THEN CHANGE THE IV TUBING LINE
WHAT IS Acute pain transfusion reaction
Some degree of hemolysis occurs during or shortly after transfusion but is not widespread
WHAT ARE THE S/S OF ACUTE PAIN TRANSFUSION REACTION
Back pain
Chest pain
Hypertension
Joint pain
WHAT IS THE NURSING INTERVENTION FOR ACUTE PAIN TRANSFUSION REACTION?
STOP THE TRANSFUSION AND GIVE PAIN MEDS
WHAT IS Transfusion-associated circulatory overload (TACO)
Can occur when a blood product is infused too quickly, especially in an older adult
Pulmonary reaction that may be difficult at first to differentiate from transfusion-related acute lung injury (TRALI)
WHAT ARE THE S/S OF TRANSFUSION ASSOCIATED CIRCULATORY OVERLOAD
Bounding pulse
Cardiogenic fluid overload
Cough
Cyanosis
Decreased oxygen saturation (<90%)
Dyspnea
Hypertension
Neck vein distention
Pulmonary edema
Respiratory distress
Tachycardia
WHAT ARE THE INTERVENTIONS FOR TRANSFUSION ASSOCIATED CIRCULATORY OVERLOAD
- Apply oxygen
- Administer diuretics
- Collaborate with health care provider regarding number of transfusions, timing of administration, and administering diuretics before or between transfusions
- Elevate head of bed to facilitate gas exchange
- Monitor intake and output
- Recognize that symptoms can occur 6 to 12 hours after transfusion
WHAT ARE THE S/S OF Allergic transfusion reaction (mucocutaneous)
Flushing
Periorbital edema
Pruritus
Rash
Urticaria
WHAT ARE THE INTERVENTIONS FOR Allergic transfusion reaction (mucocutaneous)
- Administer antihistamine
- Prepare to administer bronchodilators, steroids, and epinephrine if symptoms progress to bronchospasm, wheezing, and anaphylaxis (very rare)
WHAT ARE S/S OF Allergic transfusion reaction (anaphylactic transfusion reaction)
Anxiety
Angioedema
Bronchospasm
Cyanosis
Dyspnea
Stridor
Shock
Urticaria
WHAT ARE INTERVENTIONS FOR Allergic transfusion reaction (anaphylactic transfusion reaction)
- Administer epinephrine as the priority
- Be prepared to administer antihistamines, bronchodilators, steroids, and epinephrine if needed
- Prepare to perform CPR and treat shock if needed
what is the most common type of transfusion reaction
febrile, nonhemolytic
