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blood administration Flashcards

1
Q

blood components

A

RBC, plasma, platelets, cryoprecipitate

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2
Q

cryoprecipitate

A

comes from plasma after freeze-thaw cycle
- mainly fibrinogen
- given to people with low fibrinogen

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3
Q

FFP

A

can be stored for a year
- does not provide platelets
- typical volume is 200-250

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4
Q

Rh

A

identifies whether a persons blood type is negative or positive

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5
Q

Blood group O antigen and antibodies

A
  • no antigens on red cells
  • anti A and anti B antibodies in plasma
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6
Q

blood group A antigen and antibodies

A
  • “A” antigens on red cells
  • anti B antibodies in plasma
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7
Q

blood group B antigen and antibodies

A
  • “B” antigens on red cells
  • anti A antibodies in plasma
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8
Q

blood group AB antigen and antibodies

A
  • A and B antigens on red cells
  • no antibodies in plasma
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9
Q

O negative compatibility to RBC and plasma

A
  • compatible to O negative RBC
  • can have any plasma
  • universal RBC donor
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10
Q

O positive compatibility to RBC and plasma

A
  • compatible to O + and O - RBC
  • can have any plasma
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11
Q

A negative compatibility to RBC and plasma

A

RBC: A- O-
Plasma: A, AB

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12
Q

A positive compatibility to RBC and plasma

A

RBC: A+,A-,O+,O-
plasma: A and AB

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13
Q

B negative compatibility to RBC and plasma

A

RBC: B-, O-
Plasma: B and AB

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14
Q

B positive compatibility to RBC and plasma

A

RBC: B+,B-,O+,O-
Plasma: B and AB

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15
Q

AB negative compatibility to RBC and plasma

A

RBC: AB-,A-,B-,O-
Plasma: only AB

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16
Q

AB positive compatibility to RBC and plasma

A

RBC: universal receiver of RBC
Plasma: only AB

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17
Q

PRBC indications for use

A
  • chronic or symptomatic anemia (fatigue, SOB, reduced O2)
  • Restoration of blood volume
  • dont treat with hemoglobin unless 70
  • typical bag volume is 250ml
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18
Q

PRBC effect on hemoglobin and hematocrit

A

raises hemoglobin 1g/dL
raises hematocrit 3%

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19
Q

indication for administration of plasma

A

procoagulant deficiencies; DIC; trauma

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20
Q

indication for administration of platelets

A

control bleeding in platelet deficiency; thrombocytopenia

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21
Q

gauge sizing

A

22-14 appropriate but 20-18 better for general population

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22
Q

priming solution for blood

A

only use normal saline

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23
Q

filter for blood admin

A

170 micron filter

24
Q

administration time

A

within 4 hours

25
Platelet indications for use
control bleeding in deficiency (thrombocytopenia), count less than 50,000, surgery with count less than 100,000, non-bleeding patients with rapidly dropping platelets less than 15,000
26
platelet admin guidelines
*admin 1 unit over 5-10 min - 1 unit will raise platelets from 5 to 10,000 - usually admin 6-8 units at once
27
indications for plasma admin
procoagulant deficiencies, DIC, trauma
28
vitals for blood admin
within 30 min before administration, after 15 min, then every 1 hour
29
post transfusion VS
right when blood is done then monitor PRN
30
obtaining blood
can only get one unit at a time
31
reaction time
occurs within first 5-15 min
32
body systems to assess before admin
lungs, kidneys, lab values
33
informed consent
no time frame for amount of time it lasts but need to re-obtain if condition has changed, patient knowledge has changed, or there is a refusal to part of patient treatment
34
initial infusion rate
start transfusion at 50ml/h for first 15 min
35
maximum transfusion time
4 hours
36
administration after blood is collected from lab
must administer 30 min after getting from lab
37
post transfusion
flush line, take vitals, bag and tube must go in biohazard
38
equipment change
every 8 hours
39
cutaneous transfusion reaction S&S
key sign is urticaria, pruritus, erythema, jaundice, pallor, cyanosis
40
inflammatory transfusion reaction S&S
fever, chills, rigor
41
cardiovascular transfusion reaction S&S
tachy/bradycardia, hypo/hypertension, JVD
42
respiratory transfusion reaction S&S
dyspnea, wheezing, pulmonary edema,
43
GI transfusion reaction S&S
nausea, vomiting, diarrhea
44
Acute hemolytic transfusion reaction is caused by...
wrong blood to wrong patient or DIC
45
S&S of acute hemolytic transfusion reaction
dyspnea, fever, chills, lumbar pain, shock
46
treatment goal for acute hemolytic transfusion reaction
achieve and maintain adequate BP, give lasix, make sure urine output is 100ml/h
47
febrile transfusion reaction
can be caused by antibodies in blood - people most at risk are those who have had blood transfusions in the past
48
S&S of febrile transfusion reaction
fever and chills
49
treatment for febrile transfusion reaction
stop blood, administer antipyretic
50
transfusion related acute lung injury timing
occurs hours within infusion - provide O2 support
51
S&S of transfusion related acute lung injury related to blood flow, blood pressure and lungs
hypoxia, pulmonary edema, hypotension
52
Transfusion related circulatory overload
fluid is drawn to intravascular space if transfused too quickly - dyspnea - administer lasix
53
Cause of citrate toxicity
citrate in transfused blood binds calcium to patients body
54
citrate toxicity can cause...
hypomagnesia and hypocalcemia
55
transfusion associated graft vs host disease
fatal; lymphocytes attack recipient tissue
56
Delayed hemolytic transfusion reaction
may present as asymptomatic and can occur up to 4 weeks after infusion - may have slight fever

Nurs 321 (7 decks)

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