Blood Administration Flashcards by Abbey Cromwell

Functions of blood

Transports O2 from the lungs, hormones from the endocrine glands, nutrients and fats from digestive system to cells in the body.
Transport CO2 and other waste products formed during metabolic activities of the cells to kidneys, lungs and other organs for removal from the body.
Regulates pH and electrolyte levels of the body for proper cell function
Regulates body temp
Protects from infection WBC and invasion (antibodies)

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Composition of blood

55% plasma
45% formed elements

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Formed elements

-RBC’s
-WBC’s
-Platelets

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Albumin

Aids in keeping the correct amount of water in the water in the blood

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Fibrinogen

Needed for blood clotting

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Globulins

Form antibodies to help protect from infection

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Erythrocytes

-formed in bone marrow
-contain hemoglobin which transports O2 from the lungs to the body’s cells
-help to transport CO2 from cells to lungs for removal

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Whites blood cells

Protect from invasion and infection

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Neutrophils

The most aggressive
They surround and ingest invaders using lysosomes that release powerful enzymes (phagocytosis)

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Eosinophils

Combat parasitic invasion and body irritants that lead to allergies

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Basophils

Involved in allergic reaction by enhancing the body’s response to irritants. Also produce heparin

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Monocytes

Perform the same function as neutrophils, just take longer to get there and are in larger numbers, therefore able to destroy more bacteria. Usually seen more in chronic or long term infections

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Lymphocytes

Unique in the way that they do not use phagocytosis to destroy cells. Instead they form antibodies that inhibit or attach the invaders

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Platelets

-thrombocytes
-change fibrinogen into fibrin

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

A blood type

A antigen
Anti-B antibodies

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

B blood

B antigen
Anti-A antibodies

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

AB blood type

A, B antigens
No antibodies

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

O blood

No antigens
Anti A and Anti B antibodies

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What blood type in the universal recipient

AB, they have no antibodies so they can receive all types of blood

What blood type are universal donors

O blood
They have no antigens

What is a transfusion reaction

Occurs when people with Rh- blood receive Rh+ blood

Whole blood

Used in transfusions or broken down into its components and used that way

Packed RBCs

Used for anemia and replacement of traumatic or surgical blood loss

Fresh frozen plasma

Contains all coagulation factors
Used in bleeding problems after trauma or liver transplants

Platelets

Promote blood clotting and wound healing

Albumin

Proteins in the blood Used in volume replacement

Crycoprecipate

Precipice recovered from thawing frozen plasma between 1 and 6 degrees

Indications for blood admin

-Significant hypovolemia due to acute blood loss Symptomatic anemia Decreased hemoglobin Decreased hematocrit To increase O2 carrying ability Decreased clotting factors

Equipment needed for a blood transfusion

-Physician order -Blood typed and screened and crossed matched Venous access Filtered admin set 0.9% NS Thermometer

What cant you mix blood with

D5W LR Medications

What happens if you mix blood with d5W

Causes hemolysis

What happens if you mix blood with LR

Causes clotting

How to prepare the patient

-confirm order -Check patient for -right pt -right blood product -right type -vitals Stable IV access

Transfusion procedure

Flush tubing with NS Cover the admin filter with blood Connect blood tubing Piggy back onto IV line of 0.9NS Start transfusion slowly Monitor for reactions

Transfusion rate

Initially @1ml/min Evaluation for reactions Monitor vitals q 5min After 30mins adjust flow Monitor for reactions Monitor q 30min

Transfusion rate for whole blood and packed RBCs

2-3hours No more than 4 hours

Transfusion rate for fresh frozen plasma

Less than 2 hours

S/S of a transfusion reaction

Fever (2 degrees or more) -hives, itching -swelling, soreness or hematomas at IV site Tachycardia SOB Hypotension Anaphylaxis Blood in urine

Febrile reaction

-rare -occurs if blood is contaminated by bacteria or virus

Allergic reaction

-rare but most common People can be allergic to the anticoagulant used in the blood as well as small fragments of WBCs Wheezing Sneezing Hives Itching Swelling of throat

Transfusion Related lung injury

-caused by a reaction to white cell fragments and certain antibodies that cannot be filtered out of the blood Serious side effect that can result in death SOB, drop in pressure, fever

Transfusion Associated Circulatory overload (TACO)

Usually occurs in the elderly Rapid/too much fluid admin Similar symptoms to TRALI

Hemolytic transfusion reaction

-most serious effect Caused by incorrectly matched blood Almost always results in death Symptoms: Low back pain Fever Chills SOB Hypotension Blood in urine

What happens in a hemolytic transfusion reaction

Recipients immune system will destroy transfused RBCs. These are filtered out by spleen, liver, kidneys and cause organ damage

Treatment for a transfusion reaction

-stop transfusion -check vitals -maintain IV access -check to make sure correct blood was given -save remaining blood products Notify physcian Notify transfusion service provider

Transfusion reaction management

-O2 Benadryl/epi/tylenol/lasix Treat shock symptoms Collect fresh blood and urine samples for the lab