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Human Science > blood > Flashcards

blood Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

what are the components of blood?

A

Plasma (55%).

Cells/cell fragments (45%)

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2
Q

Albumins

A

maintain a normal plasma osmotic

pressure (formed in the liver)

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3
Q

Globulins

A

antibodies, transport of hormones

formed in the liver

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4
Q

Inorganic salts ( Fe, Ca) required for:

A

Cell formation
Transmission of nerve impulses
Muscle contraction
Maintenance of blood pH (7.35-7.45)

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5
Q

Hormones Synthesised and secreted into blood by

A

endocrine glands

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6
Q

Nutrients are absorbed into the blood via…

A

the capillary system surrounding the GI tract

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7
Q

what is oxygen carried in combination with

A

haemoglobin

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8
Q

what is Carbon dioxide mostly carried as

A

bicarbonate ions in plasma

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9
Q

what are the waste products of protein metabolism

A

Urea
Uric acid
Creatinine

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10
Q

cells in blood

A

Erythrocytes (red cells)
Leukocytes (white cells)
Thrombocytes

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11
Q

what are Erythrocytes: Red Cells Facilitated by

A

carbonic anhydrase

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12
Q

Erythrocytes: Red Cells STRUCTURE

A

Circular bi-concave discs
• 7 micrometers in diameter
• No nucleus

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13
Q

WHAT IS THE FORMATION OF Erythrocytes: Red Cells CALLED

A

-erythropoiesis

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14
Q

reticulocytes

A

Immature red blood cells

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15
Q

what organ secretes erythropoietin

A

kidneys

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16
Q

haemoglobin(Hb) molecule Consists of …

A

4 polypeptide

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17
Q

what does each polypeptide attach to

A

haeme

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18
Q

how many molecules oxygen can bind to each haeme

A

1

19
Q

where are Erythrocytes broken down

A

Spleen
Liver
Bone marrow.

20
Q

Average life of erthrocytes

A

120 days

21
Q

Diseases related to erythrocytes

A 
Anaemia
• Iron deficiency
• Megaloblastic
• Hypoplastic
• Haemolytic
• Normocytic
22
Q

Leukocytes –white blood cells

A

Defence against pathogenic organisms

23
Q

Neutrophils

A

phagocytosis of pathogens

24
Q

Basophils

A

secrete histamine, seratonin

25
Q

Eosinophils

A

parasitic defence and allergy

26
Q

Monocytes

A

phagocytosis

27
Q

Thrombocytes

A

Small, non nucleated discs
Role in blood clotting
life span is 8-11 days

28
Q

Functions of blood

A

heat regulation

transport through the body of molecules and ions

defence of the body against infections and other
foreign materials. All the WBCs participate in these defences

29
Q

4 processes of Haemostasis

A

Vasoconstriction
Platelet plug formation
Coagulation
Fibrinolysis

30
Q

Vasoconstriction

A 
Platelets come into contact with damaged
endothelium of blood vessels
Release:
• Serotonin
• Which causes vasoconstriction
Damaged blood vessels release vasoconstrictors
themselves e.g. thromboxane
31
Q

Platelet Plug Formation

A

Platelets become sticky and cling to each
other
Platelets release substances which encourage
other platelets to adhere to them

32
Q

Function of platelet plug formation

A

Forms a temporary seal

33
Q

Coagulation

A

Transformation of a liquid into a semisolid or

solid mass

34
Q

what initiates coagulation

A

clotting factors

35
Q

what is fibrinogen (soluble plasma protein) converted into?

A

fibrin (insoluble)

36
Q

what strengthens a blood clot in coagulation

A

• Blood cells become entangled in the fibrin

mesh which strengthens the clot further

37
Q

Fibrinolysis

A

Breakdown of a clot

First stage of healing

38
Q

what is Plasminogen in blood is converted into

A

plasmin

39
Q

what does plasmin break down

A

fibrin into soluble products that are removed by phagocytosis

40
Q

Control of Coagulation

A 
Smooth endothelium of blood vessels mean
platelets do not adhere to it in normal
circumstances
• Natural anticoagulants in the blood
• Thrombin binds to receptors lining blood
vessels which inactivate it
41
Q

Von Willebrands Disease

A 
Decreased Von Willebrands factor
• Von Willebrands factor helps platelets
aggregate and stabilises factor VIII
• Formation of platelet plug affected
• Coagulation cascade affected
• Same management as haemophilia patients
42
Q

Medication affecting coagulation

A

Aspirin
• Warfarin
• Heparin
• Clopidogrel

43
Q

Aspirin

A

Inhibits platelet aggregation

• Lasts 7-10 days

Human Science (6 decks)

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