Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

I&I > Blood > Flashcards

Blood Flashcards

1
Q

What’s 🔴(Erythocyte)?

A 
biconcave 💿
no nucleus,dna,rna,mitochondria
Average life span ~ 120 days
Diameter ~ 8 μm
Thickness ~ 2 μm
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What’s Ⓦ(Leukocyte)?

A

colourless

types: neutrophils +lymphocytes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What are neutrophils?

A

Polymorphonuclear–irregular, multi-lobed nucleus

Granulocytes – have prominent cytoplasmic granules

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Types of granulocytes +stain?

A

Neutrophils – weakly staining COMMON
Eosinophils – red w eosin 1-4%
Basophils –blue/purple w basic dyes <0.5%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What are mononuclear cells +eg?

A

Large, regular nuclei
Lack granules
Eg Monocytes(largest Ⓦ) + Lymphocytes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What’s 🍽️(Thrombocytes)?

A

Cytoplasmic fragments
No nucleus
Membrane bound
Has granules

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Where does blood originate?

A

Bone marrow has stem cells which produce mature blood cells

Bone marrow has many immature cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

How to treat blood diseases?

A

Bone marrow transplantation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What’s Plasma?

A

fluid containing

  • H2O
  • salts
  • proteins
  • organic ∞-metabolites,carbohydrates,lipids
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Cations of plasma?

A

Na+

Also K+, Ca2+, Mg2+,H+

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Anions of plasma?

A

Cl-

Also bicarbonate, phosphate, sulphate,organic anions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Diff between plasma + serum?

A

Plasma-fluid of blood

Serum-fluid after clotting

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What do you use if a blood test needs unclotted blood?

A

Use anticoagulant eg EDTA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Features of plasma 🐟?

A

Normal: 7-9% of plasma is 🐟
Complex- 1000s of diff 🐟
But > 90% albumin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Functions of blood?

A

🚌
Defence
🏠

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

🚌 what?

A

Carry O2/ nutrients → tissues
Remove CO2 / other waste from tissues
Transport hormones from production sites → action site

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

How 🔴🚌?

A

-Transport oxygen from lungs→tissues
-Help in removal of CO2 from tissues→lungs
Most CO2 carried as bicarbonate in plasma
🔴𝔼 carbonic anhydrase dissolves CO2 in plasma at tissues, comes out of solution at lungs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What’s Hb?

A

🐟 tetramer made up of 4 polypeptide chains-
2 α globin chains
2 β globin chains

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Function of globin chains?

A

Carries haem ∞ which holds Fe2+ ,O2 binds reversibly by a coordination bond

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What’s a pulse oximetry?

A

Measures the colour of the Hb- determines if patient is hypoxic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

How much Hb in 🔴?

A

300,000,000 Hb ∞ in each 🔴

50% of 🔴 occupied by Hb

22
Q

How plasma 🚌?

A

Carries soluble metabolites in solution

23
Q

How plasma 🐟🚌?

A
  • Carry poorly soluble substances eg lipids,lipid soluble hormones, vit
  • Carry metal ions eg Ca2+, Fe2+, Cu2+ ∵ toxic in blood + prevent 🐛using it
24
Q

All purpose carrier in plasma?

A

Albumin

25
Q

Specialised carriers in plasma?

A

Thyroxine binding globulin TBG-carries thyroxine

Transferrin-carries ion

26
Q

How neutrophils defend?

A

Phagocytoses + kills 🐛🍄- mediates INNATE

27
Q

How lymphocytes defend?

A 
Produce antibodies,kills virus infected cells
Mediates ADAPTIVE (acquired)
28
Q

How eosinophils defend?

A

Kills parasites, allergies

29
Q

How basophils defend?

A

Kills parasites, allergies, inflammation

30
Q

How monocytes defend?

A

Form macrophages phagocytose dead cells,

pathogens

31
Q

How plasma provides immune defence?

A
  • Ig: made by B-lymphocytes+act as antibodies

- Complement 🐟:kill 🐛 + pathogens, cooperates w Ig +Ⓦ

32
Q

How platelets defend?

A

-1ᵒ Haemostasis: recognise damage at blood vessel wall –> form a platelet plug(insecure temporary) –> prevent bleeding

33
Q

How plasma defends via Haemostasis?

A

Has plasma 🐟 Fibrinogen –> Fibrin –> Fibrin clot (reinforces platelet plug)
Clotting factors control process

34
Q

What’s 🏠?

A

Keeping the internal environment of the body constant:

  • pH 7.4
  • controlling distribution of H2O + solutes
  • distributing heat
35
Q

What disorders disturb plasma 🏠?

A 
Kidney
Liver
Lungs
CVS
Endocrine organs
36
Q

Vital part of diagnosis+treatment?

A

Plasma analysis

37
Q

Blood V?

A

5L

38
Q

Plasma V?

A

2.5-3L

39
Q

What’s Haematocrit (Ht)+what does it diagnose?

A

Packed cell volume (PCV)
=V of cells/ Total V
Diagnoses TYPE of anaemia

40
Q

Normal Ht value?

A

~0.4 – 0.5

41
Q

Plasma 🏠?

A

pH, Ion conc, 🐟 conc

42
Q

What does FBC involve?

A 
Hb conc (Hb in g/l)
Mean 🔴volume (MCV)
Mean 🔴 Hb content (MCHC)
Haematocrit (Ht or Hc)
Total Ⓦ count (WBC)
43
Q

What does Hb conc do +what does it diagnose?

A

Overall conc of Hb in the blood

Diagnoses anaemia

44
Q

What does MCV do+ what does it diagnose?

A

Size of the rbcs

Diagnoses TYPE of anaemia

45
Q

What does MCHC do +what does it diagnose?

A

How much Hb in each🔴

Diagnoses TYPE of anaemia

46
Q

What does WBC do +what does it diagnose?

A

Neutrophil + lymphocyte count

Diagnoses infection

47
Q

What does liver function tests LFTs do?

A

Albumin conc
Liver 𝔼 (released from damaged liver cells)
Clotting factors

48
Q

What does urea and electrolytes UandE do?

A

Test kidney function + metabolic abnormalities

49
Q

What does blood glucose do?

A

Tests for diabetes mellitus

50
Q

What does lipid profile do?

A

Triglycerides, cholesterol, LDL+ HDL

Risk of ❤ disease

I&I (4 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions