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Medical Science - Cell Biology > Blood > Flashcards

Blood Flashcards

1
Q

What percentage of the blood is occupied by plasma?

A

55%

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2
Q

What is the % composition of water in plasma?

A

92%

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3
Q

What are the three major proteins in plasma, what is their composition percentage and what is their function?

A

Albumin (55%) - regulates water movement with its contribuion to osmotic pressure, and binds and transports fatty acids
Globulin (38%) - Antibodies, transport of lipids and heavy metals
Fibrinogen (4%) - Clotting

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4
Q

What is another name for RBCs?

A

Erythrocytes

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5
Q

Approximately how many RBCs in the human body?

A

5.2 million

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6
Q

Describe the structure of RBCs.

A

Round, flat, no nucleus, mitochondria or ribosomes

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7
Q

What is the function of RBCs?

A

To carry O2 and CO2

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8
Q

What does bilirubin do?

A

Breaks down haemoglobin in the spleen

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9
Q

Describe the structure of platelets.

A

Small membrane bound cell fragments with no nucleus

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10
Q

What is the function of platelets?

A

Stimulate clotting, patch damaged vessel walls, shrink clots

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11
Q

What is another name for white blood cells?

A

Leukocytes

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12
Q

What are the two categories of WBCs?

A

Granulocytes (neutrophils, eosinophils and basophils) and agranulocytes (monocytes and lymphocytes)

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13
Q

What is the function of neutrophils?

A

Engulf pathogens or debris

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14
Q

What is the function of eosinophils?

A

Engulf antibody labelled materials

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15
Q

What is the function of basophils?

A

Enter damaged tissue and release histamine

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16
Q

What is the difference between monocytes and lymphocytes?

A

Monocytes develop into macrophages or dendritic cells (antigen presenting cells).

Lymphocytes regulate the body’s immune system (B or T lymphocytes) and help defend against specific pathogens and toxins.

17
Q

By what process are these cells formed?

A

Haemopoiesis in the bone marrow - hemocytoblasts differentiate into myeloid or lymphoid stem cells

18
Q

What is the function of EPO and from where is it secreted?

A

Progenitor for RBCs, excreted from kidney

19
Q

What does IL3 do?

A

Encourages division of hemocytoblasts

20
Q

What does thromboxane A2 do?

A

Stimulates new platelets and platelet aggregation

21
Q

What is the difference between the intrinsic pathway and extrinsic pathway of blood clotting?

A

Intrinsic is via platelet action, extrinsic is in response to injury.

22
Q

What does thrombin do?

A

Converts fibrinogen into fibrin

23
Q

What does fibrin do?

A

Clots blood

24
Q

What is fibrinolysis?

A

Clot dissolution with plasmin

Medical Science - Cell Biology (9 decks)

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