Blood

Question 1

What is normal blood volume for average adult?

Answer 1

4.5-5.0 L, women’s volume slightly less

Question 2

What are some causes of hypovolemia?

Answer 2

Bleeding, dehydration from vomiting, diarrhea, sweating, severe burns, and diuretic meds for hypertension

Question 3

What are signs and symptoms of hypovolemia?

Answer 3

Orthostatic hypotension, tachycardia, and elevated body temperature

Question 4

What are some causes of hypervolemia?

Answer 4

Excess intake of fluids (IV or blood transfusion), and sodium or fluid retention (kidney disease, heart failure)

Question 5

What are signs and symptoms of hypervolemia?

Answer 5

Swelling in the legs, ascites, and fluid in the lungs

Question 6

Plasma

Answer 6

Liquid component of blood, in which blood and platelets are suspended

Question 7

What is plasma made up of?

Answer 7

Water, electrolytes, and proteins; makes up more than half of total blood volume

Question 8

Why is plasma important?

Answer 8

Helps to regulate blood pressure and temperature

Question 9

Red blood cells

Answer 9

Contain hemoglobin, a protein that gives blood its red color and allows for blood to bind with oxygen, makes up ~40% of blood volume

Question 10

What is term for low red blood cell count?

Answer 10

Anemia, as a result blood carries less oxygen and causes fatigue and weakness

Question 11

What is term for high red blood cell count?

Answer 11

Polycythemia, the blood becomes too thick and places increase risk of stroke or heart attack

Question 12

Blood platelets

Answer 12

Assist in blood clotting by climbing together at a bleeding site and forming a plug that helps seal blood vessel

Question 13

What is term for low number of platelets?

Answer 13

Thrombocytopenia, increases risk for abnormal bleeding and bruising

Question 14

What is term for high number of platelets?

Answer 14

Thrombocythemia, increases risk for stroke or heart attack

Question 15

White blood cells

Answer 15

Protect against infection

Question 16

What is term for low number of white blood cells?

Answer 16

Leukopenia, increased risk of infection

Question 17

What is term for high number of white blood cells?

Answer 17

Leukocytosis, may indicate infection or leukemia

Question 18

What are the 5 main types of white blood cells?

Answer 18

Neutrophils
Lymphocytes
Monocytes
Eosinophils
Basophils

Question 19

What do neutrophils protect against?

Answer 19

Protect body against infections by ingesting bacteria and debris

Question 20

What are the 3 main types of lymhopcytes?

Answer 20

T lymphocytes
Natural killer cells
B lymphocytes

Question 21

What is the purpose of T lymphocytes and natural killer cells?

Answer 21

Protect against viral infections and can detect and destroy some cancer cells

Question 22

What is the purpose of B lymphocytes?

Answer 22

Develop into cells that produce antibodies

Question 23

How do monocytes work?

Answer 23

Ingest dead or damaged cells and help defend against infectious organisms

Question 24

How do eosinophils work?

Answer 24

Kill parasites, destroy cancer cells, and are involved in allergic response

Question 25

What do basophils participate in?

Answer 25

Allergic responses