Blood Flashcards
What is normal blood volume for average adult?
4.5-5.0 L, women’s volume slightly less
What are some causes of hypovolemia?
Bleeding, dehydration from vomiting, diarrhea, sweating, severe burns, and diuretic meds for hypertension
What are signs and symptoms of hypovolemia?
Orthostatic hypotension, tachycardia, and elevated body temperature
What are some causes of hypervolemia?
Excess intake of fluids (IV or blood transfusion), and sodium or fluid retention (kidney disease, heart failure)
What are signs and symptoms of hypervolemia?
Swelling in the legs, ascites, and fluid in the lungs
Plasma
Liquid component of blood, in which blood and platelets are suspended
What is plasma made up of?
Water, electrolytes, and proteins; makes up more than half of total blood volume
Why is plasma important?
Helps to regulate blood pressure and temperature
Red blood cells
Contain hemoglobin, a protein that gives blood its red color and allows for blood to bind with oxygen, makes up ~40% of blood volume
What is term for low red blood cell count?
Anemia, as a result blood carries less oxygen and causes fatigue and weakness
What is term for high red blood cell count?
Polycythemia, the blood becomes too thick and places increase risk of stroke or heart attack
Blood platelets
Assist in blood clotting by climbing together at a bleeding site and forming a plug that helps seal blood vessel
What is term for low number of platelets?
Thrombocytopenia, increases risk for abnormal bleeding and bruising
What is term for high number of platelets?
Thrombocythemia, increases risk for stroke or heart attack
White blood cells
Protect against infection
What is term for low number of white blood cells?
Leukopenia, increased risk of infection
What is term for high number of white blood cells?
Leukocytosis, may indicate infection or leukemia
What are the 5 main types of white blood cells?
Neutrophils Lymphocytes Monocytes Eosinophils Basophils
What do neutrophils protect against?
Protect body against infections by ingesting bacteria and debris
What are the 3 main types of lymhopcytes?
T lymphocytes
Natural killer cells
B lymphocytes
What is the purpose of T lymphocytes and natural killer cells?
Protect against viral infections and can detect and destroy some cancer cells
What is the purpose of B lymphocytes?
Develop into cells that produce antibodies
How do monocytes work?
Ingest dead or damaged cells and help defend against infectious organisms
How do eosinophils work?
Kill parasites, destroy cancer cells, and are involved in allergic response
